Classification of Land Use/Land Cover Changes Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technique in Lake Kenyir Basin, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

Geographical information system (GIS) techniques and Remote Sensing (RS) data are fundamental in the study of land use (LU) and land cover (LC) changes and classification. The aim of this study is to map and classify the LU and LC change of Lake Kenyir Basin within 40 years’ period (1976 to 2016). Multi-temporal Landsat images used are MSS 1976, 1989, ETM+ 2001 and OLI 8 2016. Supervised Classification on Maximum Likelihood Algorithm method was used in ArcGIS 10.3. The result shows three classes of LU and LC via vegetation, water body and built up area. Vegetation, which is the dominant LC found to be 100%, 88.83%, 86.15%, 81.91% in 1976, 1989, 2001 and 2016 respectively. While water body accounts for 0%, 11.17%, 12.36% and 13.62% in the years 1976, 1989, 2001 and 2016 respectively and built-up area 1.49% and 4.47 in 2001 and 2016 respectively. The predominant LC changes in the study are the water body and vegetation, the earlier increasing rapidly at the expense of the later. Therefore, proper monitoring, policies that integrate conservation of the environment are strongly recommended.

The Assessment of Sedimentation Problems in Kenyir Hydropower Reservoir, Malaysia

“…Using the Fundamental Georeferencing of ArcGIS analysis, the annual Sediment Load (SL) production is calculated based on a few other key parameters, including measurements of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), river discharge (Q), and sub-catchment areas. In addition, in identifying the level of sedimentation problems along the Kenyir (from [32,42]). (c) The illustration of stimulated land use on the land cover map of Kenyir Lake Basin in 2030 (from [32,42]).…”

“…A total of 220 km 2 , or 8.42% of the Kenyir Lake River Basin's total area, will be occupied by built-up regions, according to data on land use and vegetation change detection. With the use of the data, we may more effectively create and implement land use and environmental management strategies that more effectively integrate urban growth with environmental preservation (Refer to Figure 6b,c) [32,42]. [32,42]).…”

“…With the use of the data, we may more effectively create and implement land use and environmental management strategies that more effectively integrate urban growth with environmental preservation (Refer to Figure 6b,c) [32,42]. [32,42]). (c) The illustration of stimulated land use on the land cover map of Kenyir Lake Basin in 2030 (from [32,42]).…”

“…[32,42]). (c) The illustration of stimulated land use on the land cover map of Kenyir Lake Basin in 2030 (from [32,42]).…”

“…Table 1a,b shows the current and future (100-year ARI) results of sediment load production for each sub-catchment along the Kenyir Lake Basin based on forest coverage reduction percentage [31]. Based on secondary and primary data obtained, the average erosion rate around the research area is assumed to be 'low', which is to be expected for a dominantly forested geographical area of medium elevation and slope [11,[30][31][32]. The Kenyir Hydropower Reservoir's sedimentation issues are not yet critical, but they will become so if more through monitoring programmes and coordinated lake basin management are not recommended to protect and safeguard the catchment, particularly close to the Kenyir Dam, Tembat Dam, and Puah Dam, in order to prevent significant soil erosion.…”