“…The materials used in the hydrogel manufacturing process include both natural and synthetic polymers, as well as hybrid hydrogels, which involve combinations of natural and synthetic polymers [ 2 , 12 ]. These natural polymers can be obtained from natural sources such as plants, bacterial cultures, or animals, including polysaccharides (e.g., agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan), glycosaminoglycans (e.g., heparin, hyaluronic acid, keratan sulfate), and polypeptides or proteins (e.g., collagen, fibrin, gelatin, silk).…”