Classification of Hydraulic Cements Used in Dentistry

Camilleri, Josette

doi:10.3389/fdmed.2020.00009

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Most of the hydraulic cements used in Endodontics are based on tricalcium silicate. A recent classification of hydraulic cement used in Dentistry classifies them based on their chemistry and also on their clinical use (Camilleri, 2020). The one classification based on their chemistry is essential as although the hydraulic cements are assumed to be all calcium silicates, there are other types of hydraulic cements currently in use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use

Camilleri

Atmeh

et al. 2022

Int Endodontic J

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Background Hydraulic materials are used in Endodontics due to their hydration characteristics namely the formation of calcium hydroxide when mixing with water and also because of their hydraulic properties. These materials are presented in various consistencies and delivery methods. They are composed primarily of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, and also include a radiopacifier, additives and an aqueous or a non‐aqueous vehicle. Only materials whose primary reaction is with water can be classified as hydraulic. Objectives Review of the classification of hydraulic materials by Camilleri and the literature pertaining to specific uses of hydraulic cements in endodontics namely intra‐coronal, intra‐radicular and extra‐radicular. Review of the literature on the material properties linked to specific uses providing the current status of these materials after which future trends and gaps in knowledge could be identified. Methods The literature was reviewed using PUBMED, and for each clinical use, the in vitro properties such as physical, chemical, biological and antimicrobial characteristics and clinical data were extracted and evaluated. Results A large number of publications were retrieved for each clinical use and these were grouped depending on the property type being investigated. Conclusions The hydraulic cements have made a difference in clinical outcomes. The main shortcoming is the poor testing methodologies employed which provide very limited information and also inhibits adequate clinical translation. Furthermore, the clinical protocols need to be updated to enable the materials to be employed effectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use

Camilleri

Atmeh

et al. 2022

Int Endodontic J

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“…Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile was calculated using participants’ work postcode (Cymru, 2019; GOV.Scot, 2020; GOV.UK, 2019; NISRA, 2017). Where CSCs were analysed, this includes traditional Portland cement‐based MTA unless specified (Camilleri, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of deep caries in UK primary care: A nationwide questionnaire‐based study

et al. 2021

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Aim To investigate current approaches and attitudes towards the management of deep caries in primary dental care within the United Kingdom (UK). Methodology Open distribution of an electronic questionnaire survey was undertaken to primary care dental professionals working in publicly funded National Health Service [NHS], privately funded, military and community dental services. Demographic variables investigated included the following: place of qualification, method of remuneration, level of restorative training, materials available, years qualified, appointment length and clinician type. Management variables focussed on case‐based scenarios. Univariate analyses of responses to questions were undertaken using χ2 tests with sequential Bonferroni correction. Variables with a statistical relationship of p ≤ .2 were selected for binary logistic regression modelling. Results A total of 657 responses were received. Practitioners with formal postgraduate qualifications (PGQ) were more likely (OR, 95%CI) to undertake further tests to aid diagnosis including: gaining a patient history (1.80, 1.01–3.20), periapical radiography (1.43, 1.01–2.03), cold pulp testing (2.079, 1.46–2.97) and electric pulp testing (1.65, 1.02–2.65). Rubber dam was infrequently used for deep caries management (29.2%). Non‐NHS practitioners were much more likely to use rubber dam (3.40, 2.15–5.37), as were those that had completed PGQ (2.24, 1.48–3.38). Non‐selective caries removal was used in deep caries by 41.4% of practitioners. Indirect pulp caps were carried out by 56.7% of practitioners. NHS practitioners were more likely to place calcium hydroxide (3.74, 1.97–7.15), whilst non‐NHS practitioners were more likely to place calcium silicate cements (CSCs) (3.303, 1.71–6.38) as were non‐UK graduates (5.63, 2.47–12.86) and those with PGQ (2.12, 1.17–3.87). Conclusions This UK survey highlights significant variation in the management of deep caries. There is lack of consensus regarding the use of a standard systematic approach to diagnosing disease, with a reliance on history and tests with poor specificity. Non‐selective caries removal for managing deep carious lesions remains common, with low rubber dam compliance underlining a lack of asepsis. Notably, a significant number of practitioners placed indirect pulp caps, but CSCs and GIC were not commonly used. At present, although clear guidelines are available this is not translating into consistent management approaches in practice, suggesting that better dissemination of current treatments is essential to undergraduate and postgraduate groups.

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“…91 Some authors have reported fewer molecules of water in the hydrated calcium silicate matrix. 92 Alite (tricalcium silicate in reaction 1) hydrates rapidly, and calcium sulfate is commonly used to moderate its setting speed. Belite (dicalcium silicate in Equation 2) hydrates more slowly, but adds strength over the first weeks of setting.…”

Section: And Aluminate Cements Characteristics For Dentistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements for dentistry reviewed

et al. 2021

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Calcium silicate cements were identified as excellent materials for dentistry, particularly for dental procedures contacting the dental pulp or root system. Both calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements cause the biomineralization (precipitation of hydroxyapatite [HA] phenomena and shield dental tissues from the underlying cement (a foreign body material). The cements also elute ions to stimulate cytokines that contribute to the healing of the dental pulp or in the tissue surrounding the root of a tooth. The cements serve as a foundation for other dental restorative materials. This paper reviews the cement phases, properties, in vivo reactions, and clinical benefits from the use of calcium silicate and calcium aluminate ceramic cements.

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Classification of Hydraulic Cements Used in Dentistry

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use

Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use

The management of deep caries in UK primary care: A nationwide questionnaire‐based study

Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate cements for dentistry reviewed

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