Classification of Cognitive Level of Patients with Leukoaraiosis on the Basis of Linear and Non-Linear Functional Connectivity

Li, Ranran; Lai, Youzhi; Zhang, Yumei; Yao, Li; Wu, Xia

doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00002

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…On computed tomography (CT), cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) appear as hypodense bilateral and symmetrical areas in the WM of the periventricular region and centrum semiovale (1) and are indicators of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The Leukoaraiosis And Disability (LADIS) study confirmed a significant impairment of cognitive function in WML patients (2–4). WMLs are closely correlated to cognitive impairments in attention, executive function, and information processing speed (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Neuroimaging Marker Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Cognitive Impairment Due to Cerebral White Matter Lesions

et al. 2019

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Background: The peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a new, fully automated, robust imaging marker for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), strongly associated with processing speed. However, it has never been applied to cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs). Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between PSMD and cognition, particularly in the executive function of patients with WMLs. Methods: A total of 111 WML patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, and their demographic information and cardiovascular disease risk factors were recorded. Subjects were divided into three groups: WMLs with normal cognition (WMLs-NC), WMLs with vascular cognitive impairment (WMLs-VCI), and HCs. They underwent conventional head magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), followed by neuropsychological and psychological examinations, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the executive function tests. We compared executive function and PSMD among the three groups and analyzed the correlation between PSMD and cognitive function in all subjects. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics (age, sex, education level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors) among the three groups ( P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in global cognition ( P < 0.0001), executive function ( P < 0.0001), and PSMD ( P < 0.0001). The average PSMD value (×10 −4 mm 2 /s) was 2.40 ± 0.23, 2.68 ± 0.30, and 4.51 ± 0.39 in the HC, WMLs-NC, and WMLs-VCI groups, respectively. There was no correlation between PSMD and cognition in the HC group, but PSMD was significantly correlated with MoCA scores ( r = −0.3785, P < 0.0001) and executive function ( r = −0.4744, P < 0.0001) in the WMLs-NC group and in the WMLs-VCI group ( r = −0.4448, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.6279, P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: WML patients have higher PSMD and worse cognitive performance than HCs, and PSMD is strongly associated with global cognition and executive functions in WML patients. This result provides new insights into the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in WML patients. PSMD could be a surrogate marker for disease progression and could thus be used in therapeutic trials involving WML patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A Neuroimaging Marker Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Cognitive Impairment Due to Cerebral White Matter Lesions

et al. 2019

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“…These changes mostly reflect axonal loss and/or demyelination caused by cerebral hypoperfusion or chronic microvascular disease in elderly individuals (Launer et al, 2006 ). Cognitive impairment, the most common clinical feature associated with ILA, manifests as deficits in thinking ability, memory, executive function, and attention ability (Sultzer et al, 1995 ; Li et al, 2017 ). Previous studies have suggested that normal elderly individuals with ILA are at high-risk of further cognitive decline, and the magnitude of the ILA is positively correlated with the severity of cognitive deficits (Ross et al, 2005 ; Te et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disorganization of Small-World Brain Networks in Patients With Ischemic Leukoaraiosis

Zhu

Lü

Xie

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Cognitive impairment is a key clinical feature of ischemic leukoaraiosis (ILA); however, the underlying neurobiological mechanism is still unclear. ILA has been associated with widespread gray and white matter (WM) damage mainly located in cortical-cortical and cortico-subcortical pathways. A total of 36 patients with ILA (Fazekas rating score ≥2) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (covering four cognitive domains, i.e., information processing speed, episodic memory, executive and visuospatial function) and resting-state functional MRI scans. Graph theory-based analyses were employed to explore the topological organization of the brain connectome in ILA patients, and we further sought to explore the associations of connectome-based metrics and neuropsychological performances. An efficient small-world architecture in the functional brain connectome was observed in the ILA and control groups. Moreover, compared with the HCs, the ILA patients showed increased path length and decreased network efficiency (i.e., global and local efficiency) in their functional brain networks. Further network-based statistic (NBS) analysis revealed a functional-disconnected network in ILA, which is comprised of functional connections linking different brain modules (i.e., default mode, frontoparietal, ventral attention and limbic systems) and connections within single modules (i.e., ventral attention and limbic systems). Intriguingly, the abnormal network metrics correlated with cognitive deficits in ILA patients. Therefore, our findings provide further evidence to support the concept that ILA pathologies could disrupt brain connections, impairing network functioning, and cognition via a "disconnection syndrome."

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“…FC may be a potential predictor of cognitive impairments in patients with LA (Reijmer et al, 2015; Cheng et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017). Previous study has shown that the DMN, SN and CEN interact closely to control cognitive processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Interactions of the Salience Network, Central Executive Network, and Default-Mode Network in Patients With Different Cognitive Impairment Loads Caused by Leukoaraiosis

Chen

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Neural Circuits

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Leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with cognitive impairment in the older people which can be demonstrated in functional connectivity (FC) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This study is to explore the FC changes in LA patients with different cognitive status by three network models. Fifty-three patients with LA were divided into three groups: the normal cognition (LA-NC; n = 14, six males), mild cognitive impairment (LA-MCI; n = 27, 13 males), and vascular dementia (LA-VD; n = 12, six males), according to the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The three groups and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs; 11 males) underwent rs-fMRI. The data of rs-fMRI were analyzed by independent components analysis (ICA) and region of interest (ROI) analysis by the REST toolbox. Then the FC was respectively analyzed by the default-mode network (DMN), salience networks (SNs) and the central executive network (CEN) with their results compared among the different groups. For inter-brain network analysis, there were negative FC between the SN and DMN in LA groups, and the FC decreased when compared with HC group. While there were enhanced inter-brain network FC between the SN and CEN as well as within the SN. The FC in patients with LA can be detected by different network models of rs-fMRI. The multi-model analysis is helpful for the further understanding of the cognitive changes in those patients.

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Classification of Cognitive Level of Patients with Leukoaraiosis on the Basis of Linear and Non-Linear Functional Connectivity

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

A Neuroimaging Marker Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Cognitive Impairment Due to Cerebral White Matter Lesions

A Neuroimaging Marker Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Cognitive Impairment Due to Cerebral White Matter Lesions

Functional Disorganization of Small-World Brain Networks in Patients With Ischemic Leukoaraiosis

Abnormal Interactions of the Salience Network, Central Executive Network, and Default-Mode Network in Patients With Different Cognitive Impairment Loads Caused by Leukoaraiosis

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