Classification of Clay Minerals

Akisanmi, Praise

doi:10.5772/intechopen.103841

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the early seventeenth century, kaolinite has been used as a material source for ceramic production in China. Kaolinite crystals can be found in a variety of phases, including triclinic, pseudomonoclinic, and polymorphs, as well as their ideal form, which is in the pseudohexagonal phase (dickite, nacrite) [26,27]. In a 1:1 ratio, gibbsite-like octahedral alumina and tetrahedral silica sheets are placed alternately.…”

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrostatic force superimposes montmorillonite layers in an aqueous solution, and the gap between layers is typically 0.8-2.0 nm. Potential environmental contaminants may react in confined areas, increasing contact times between substances and, hence, reaction rates [26,27,30,31].…”

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike smectites, the strong interlayer cation bonding binds the 2:1 layer together, limiting basal gap expansion to 1.5 nm. Vermiculite is especially well suited to bond with weakly hydrated cations such as K + , NH 4 + , and Cs + , due to its high charge per formula unit and strong cation-exchange capacity [26,27,30,31].…”

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the usual chemical formula for illite is K x Al 2 (Al x Si 4−x O 10 )(OH) 2 , where x < 1. Due to a charge imbalance, Ca and Mg can potentially be incorporated instead of K, leading to preventing H 2 O from entering the structure [26,27,30,32].…”

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Recent Clay-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photocatalysis is a remarkable methodology that is popular and applied in different interdisciplinary research areas such as the degradation of hazardous organic contaminants in wastewater. In recent years, clay-based photocatalyst composites have attracted significant attention in the field of photocatalysis owing to their abundance, excellent light response ability, and stability. This review describes the combination of clay with focusing photocatalysts such as TiO2, g-C3N4, and Bi-based compounds for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. Clay-based composites have more active surface sites, resulting in inhibited photocatalyst particle agglomeration. Moreover, clay enhances the creation of active radicals for organic pollutant degradation by separating photogenerated electrons and holes. Thus, the functions of clay in clay-based photocatalysts are not only to act as a template to inhibit the agglomeration of the main photocatalysts but also to suppress charge recombination, which may lengthen the electron–hole pair’s lifespan and boost degrading activity. Moreover, several types of clay-based photocatalysts, such as the clay type and main photocatalyst, were compared to understand the function of clay and the interaction of clay with the main photocatalyst. Thus, this study summarizes the recent clay-based photocatalysts for wastewater remediation and concludes that clay-based photocatalysts have considerable potential for low-cost, solar-powered environmental treatment.

show abstract

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type and Role Of Clay In Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent Clay-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kaolinite group of clay mineral is made up of one layer of silica and one layer of alumina, its chemical formula is Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 .2H 2 O (39% Al 2 O 3 , 46.5% SiO 2 and 14.0% H 2 O)Beside cosmetic utility several other reported medicinal activity / uses are, for example Kaopectate (kaolin-pectin) are the main ingredients in the original formulation of anti-diarrhea medication in pharmaceutical applications. Kaolinite is good local and gastrointestinal adsorbent that can adsorb lipids, proteins, viruses and bacteria, can be used to cause platelet aggregation and to start plasma coagulation by activating factor XII 50. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Therapeutic Clays Used in Reference to Unani System of Medicine

Alam

Sofi

et al. 2023

J. Young Pharm.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nature and health has always remained in consonance with each other. Various natural resources have got therapeutic purpose apart from their use in other industries. Clays from nature have been used frequently for therapeutic purposes from ancient times. The external use for stopping bleeding and their internal use for various ailments have been documented from early Greek civilization and Unani system of Medicine. Survey of literature from index journal, available Unani classical text, and authentic books and websites were carried out about therapeutic clays, their nomenclature, uses and rationale for their use was noted. Dioscorides has mentioned a number of clays in his book Materia Medica. Work of other Unani/Arab scholars AbūRayḥān al-Bīrūnī, Ibn al-Bayṭār, Hunayn Ibn Isḥāq al-ʿIbādī, Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī, Ibn Sīnā, Abul Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbās al-Zahrāwī on clays etc is been shortlisted in this work. Unani system enriched by vast literature extending from Greeks to Indian scholars bridged by the Medieval Arab scholars of medicine have left great legacy in regard to the description, use, and indication of various types of therapeutic clays, which are remedy for various diseases as a haemostatic, detergent, resolvent, astringent, wound healing etc, and also used as a cosmeceuticals and cosmetics. Present review attempted to enumerate the various aspects of different types of clays used in Unani system of medicine for therapeutic purposes.

show abstract