Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Cantwell, Dennis P.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01377.x

Cited by 204 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…There are many different approaches to validating phenotypes 5 but for the purpose of molecular genetic studies, phenotypes should at least be heritable as well as reliably measured. In this paper, we consider what classical genetic studies tell us about heritable ADHD-related phenotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

et al. 2006

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It is well established that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial and highly heritable disorder. Consequently, much effort is being directed towards searching for specific susceptibility genes. There is a growing trend, across the field of complex disease genetics, towards undertaking secondary analyses based on refined phenotypic definitions and in testing whether specific susceptibility genes modify the phenotypic presentation of the disorder in question. It is crucial that good, empirically derived arguments are made before undertaking multiple analyses on different phenotype refinements. In this review article, we consider the evidence from genetic epidemiological studies as well as key clinical studies that provide guidance on examining the ADHD phenotype for the purpose of molecular genetic studies. Specifically, findings on categorical versus dimensional conceptualisations of ADHD, reporter effects, comorbidity, ADHD subtypes and persistence are reviewed. Current evidence suggests that for the purpose of identifying susceptibility genes for ADHD, parent and teachers should be used as informants and that focusing on the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is useful. There is also good empirical support in favour of examining antisocial behaviour in ADHD. Genetic studies of dimensional ADHD are useful for other complementary purposes.

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confidence: 99%

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

et al. 2006

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“…Cantwell (1996) purports that diagnostic criteria should specify which diagnostic instrument to use, what informants to use and how to rate for presence and severity of the criteria. For example, one might specify that a certain number and type of symptoms should be present in order to make a particular diagnosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a Revised Canadian Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Case Definition

Jason

Evans

Porter

et al. 2010

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

137

150

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Problem statement: Several investigators have indicated that case definitions for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) are characterized by vaguely worded criteria that lack operational definitions and guidelines. The most widely used CFS case definition is the Fukuda et al. criteria, which uses polythetic criteria (i.e., patients are only required to have four out of a possible eight symptoms). Yet two of these eight symptoms (post-exertional malaise and memory/concentration problems) are an essential feature of this illness and the Fukuda et al. criteria do not require that these symptoms be present among all patients. Significant methodological problems could occur if investigators in different settings recruit samples with different percentages of these core symptoms. In contrast, the Canadian clinical case definition does require specific ME/CFS symptoms such as post-exertional malaise and memory/concentration problems. The provision of operationally explicit, objective criteria on specific key symptoms might reduce criterion variance as a source of unreliability. In addition, the use of structured interview schedules will ensure that symptoms are assessed in a consistent way across settings. Conclusion/Recommendations: In this article, we specified explicit rules for determining whether critical symptoms meet ME/CFS criteria using a revised Canadian case definition and a questionnaire has been developed to assess core symptoms. It is hoped that these developments will lead to increased reliability of this revised Canadian case definition as well as more frequent use of these criteria by investigators.

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“…Internal validity was examined by testing hypothesized factor models of the internal structure of anxiety disorders. Such an examination can help shed light on the conceptualization of anxiety and its disorders among youth (Cantwell, 1996). The findings suggest that DSM-IV SAD, SOP, and SP can be conceptualized as distinct but related diagnostic entities, thus supporting the DSM-IV's classification of psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Internal validity refers to the testing of hypotheses regarding the internal structure of a diagnostic entity (e.g., are anxiety disorders distinct entities or a single entity? ), which can help shed light on the conceptualization of a psychiatric disorder (Cantwell, 1996). As noted, most of the extant research on internal validity of DSM anxiety disorders has been limited to data gathered mainly by rating scales in non-clinical samples of predominantly Caucasian youth.…”

Section: Research On Internal Validity Of Dsm Anxiety Disorders In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation Of The Internal Structural Validity Of The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) Anxiety Disorders In Children And Adolescents

Rey¹

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Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Cited by 204 publications

References 39 publications

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

The Development of a Revised Canadian Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Case Definition

Evaluation Of The Internal Structural Validity Of The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) Anxiety Disorders In Children And Adolescents

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