Classification of chemical warfare agents using thick film gas sensor array

Choi, Nak-Jin; Kwak, Jae-Man; Lim, Yeon-Tae; Bahn, Tae-Hyun; Yun, Ky-Yeol; Kim, Jae‐Chang; Huh, Jeung-Soo; Lee, Duk–Dong

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2004.11.022

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…SnO 2 -based gas sensors have been used to detect toxic gases and CWAs, even at low concentration levels (ppm level) [8–16]. The advantages of sensors fabricated with SnO 2 are as follows: high level of sensor response, simple design, low weight, and cheap price.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Textural Properties on the Response of a SnO2-Based Gas Sensor for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

Lee

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Sensors

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The sensing behavior of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors in a flow system in the presence of a very low concentration (ppb level) of chemical agent simulants such as acetonitrile, dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPGME), dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and dichloromethane (DCM) was investigated. Commercial SnO2 [SnO2(C)] and nano-SnO2 prepared by the precipitation method [SnO2(P)] were used to prepare the SnO2 sensor in this study. In the case of DCM and acetonitrile, the SnO2(P) sensor showed higher sensor response as compared with the SnO2(C) sensors. In the case of DMMP and DPGME, however, the SnO2(C) sensor showed higher responses than those of the SnO2(P) sensors. In particular, the response of the SnO2(P) sensor increased as the calcination temperature increased from 400 °C to 800 °C. These results can be explained by the fact that the response of the SnO2-based gas sensor depends on the textural properties of tin oxide and the molecular size of the chemical agent simulant in the detection of the simulant gases (0.1–0.5 ppm).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Textural Properties on the Response of a SnO2-Based Gas Sensor for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents

Lee

Kim

Lee

et al. 2011

Sensors

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“…CWAs are dangerous for health because of their colorlessness and toxicity, thus necessitating their fast and correct detection to ensure the protection of human beings. There are four types of CWAs reported so far: blood, nerve, vesicant, and choking agents 16 . Some of the CWAs often quoted in the literature are VX [ O ‐ethyl S ‐(2‐diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate, 17 GD [3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butyl methylphosphonofluoridate, or Soman], and HD [2,2′‐dichloroethyl sulfide, or mustard] 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four types of CWAs reported so far: blood, nerve, vesicant, and choking agents. 16 Some of the CWAs often quoted in the literature are VX [O-ethyl S-(2diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate, 17 GD [3,3dimethyl-2-butyl methylphosphonofluoridate, or Soman], and HD [2,2 0 -dichloroethyl sulfide, or mustard]. 18 In many cases, adsorption and detoxification were tested in compounds that act as simulants for these chemical agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Nanomaterials‐Based Textiles for Protection and Decontamination

Sundarrajan

Chandrasekaran

Ramakrishna

2010

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

114

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Protective clothing currently used against chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents use activated charcoal impregnated with metal ions, which serve to physically adsorb nerve and blister agents thereby creating disposal hazards after its usage. Nanotechnology is booming in an unprecedented way in creating its impact in various applications such as in catalysis. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) such as TiO2 and MgO are currently used as potential catalysts for the decontamination of CBW agents. Various synthetic routes adopted for the preparation of MONPs are highlighted in this review. When compared with conventionally‐prepared samples, aerogel‐prepared samples are more reactive toward toxic chemicals and their ability to degrade CBW is presented here. TiO2 photocatalysts in the presence of UV light and mixed metal oxides are found to be efficient catalysts when compared with individual oxides. The recent trend of exploiting nanoparticles and the high aspect ratio ceramic oxide nanofibers for use in protective clothing, wipe materials, and textiles has been presented. Some of the issues concerning integration of metal oxides into fabrics for sensors are also reviewed in this article.

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“…To meet the demand for on-site monitoring of CWA, devices with low power consumption, low-cost, high efficiency, and portability are highly desirable. Some demonstrations of such devices can be found in the recent literatures, e.g., electrochemical sensors of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices [12][13][14], microcantilever sensors [15,16], quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) [17,18], and chemiresistive sensors [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%