Classification of Biophilic Buildings as Sustainable Environments

Abstract

Biophilic design approach aims at creating favorable conditions for humans in various types of anthropogenic environments, while at the same time restoring broken human–nature connection. The biophilic design guidelines and principles are general and flexible and allow wide array of architectural expressions. In order to better understand the architectural expression possibilities provided by biophilic design approach, the existing classifications of biophilic architecture and biophilic design examples were analyzed with the aim to develop the classification that would reflect the links between a building’s architectural expression and biophilic qualities. Three categories of biophilic architecture were distinguished in the developed classification: mimetic, applied, and organic. The distinguished categories were illustrated with the characteristic building examples and the evaluation of biophilic qualities and human-nature collaboration potential of these example buildings was carried out using comprehensive system of criteria. The analysis has demonstrated that all three distinguished categories—mimetic, applied, organic—allow for the creation of biophilic environments and hold the potential for human–nature collaboration, although organic biophilic design would be currently considered as the least developed, although most promising category.

The State of the Art in the Biophilic Construction of Healthy Spaces for People

“…How does the information sought actually answer the question? A range of tools and systems show the potential benefits of biophilic environments, although more factors of biophilic quality are studied than measurable indicators [49]. A major gap in the bibliography is the need for an approach to consider the interconnecting factors that affect human health.…”

Biophilia Upscaling: A Systematic Literature Review Based on a Three-Metric Approach

“…BD and BU integrate NBSs in both indoor and outdoor spaces, aiming to maximize their socio-ecological effects [91]. According to Vileniske et al [121], BD incorporates nature into living technologies, including isolated spots (indoor plants), vertical frontiers (green façade and walls, vertical farms), horizontal surfaces (green roof), and various natural elements (materials, shapes, colors, etc.). Through potted plants or green walls, BD was scientifically recognized for its ability to increase relative humidity, regulate temperatures, and reduce volatile organic compounds [82].…”

“…This framework is intended to guide the design process toward creating healthier solutions. Lastly, Vileniske et al [121] carried out an initial classification of biophilic buildings that reveals the strong correlation between architecture and biophilic properties in terms of human-nature interaction. The chronological evolution of Biophilic Design follows four main frameworks.…”

Fractal Dimension and Perception of Order in Islamic Art

“…The reason is that the number of variables required to make predictions about any event is too large, and it is impossible to create a system that includes all its variables. [21].…”