Classification of Angular Limb Deformities Affecting the Canine Radius and Ulna Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Method

Knapp, Jessica; Tomlinson, James L.; Fox, D. B.

doi:10.1111/vsu.12460

Cited by 26 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Computed tomography scans of the entire thoracic limb were obtained in both groups of dogs to allow for a more comprehensive assessment of overall limb alignment. Past studies have focused assessment of the radius on angular and torsional assessment of antebrachial bone deformity . Although the radius and/or ulna may be responsible for development of the deformity, our data suggest that adjacent bones may also be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Compensatory change in angulation and length have been described in other bones . However, entire‐limb assessment has not routinely been performed in previous studies . In past work in our laboratory, we demonstrated that assessment of radial torsion was reliable, although torsion values often did not correlate with clinical goniometric assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Angular deformity, joint incongruency, and subluxation may all impact torsion or limb rotation, particularly when assessing rotation across a joint. In 1 study, 82% of limbs with ALD (n = 106) had radiographic evidence of either elbow or carpal joint disease at the time of presentation for ALD evaluation . Although we quantitated surface landmarks using CT MPR in multiple bones spanning joints, a robust 3D method to assess the relative position of bones (ie, radius in relation to ulna) may further improve entire‐limb assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical correction requires accurate quantitation of the malalignment in the frontal, sagittal, and axial (torsional) planes. The center of rotation and angulation (CORA) method is described for assessment in the frontal and sagittal planes, with a growing database of normal and abnormal values based on dog conformation . Assessment of torsion requires axial‐positioned radiographs or, more commonly, computed tomography (CT) imaging is used .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Cooley

Kroner²,

Muir

et al. 2018

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To assess overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with and without angular limb deformity (ALD). Study design Ex vivo and retrospective observational clinical study. Animals Forty canine thoracic limbs from bilateral normal specimens (10 pairs) and unilateral antebrachial ALD (10 uniapical and 10 biapical deformities). Methods Computed tomography images of the entire thoracic limb were collected for multiplanar reconstruction. Baseline limb axis was defined by the humeral anatomic axis. Axial alignment of the distal humerus, proximal and distal radius, and metacarpal bones were obtained and compared among levels and groups. Results The mean overall thoracic limb rotation of normal dogs was 35.4 ° (95% CI, 27.2 °, 43.6 °). Mean overall limb rotation in uniapical and biapical deformity was 41.6 ° (95% CI, 33.0 °, 50.1 °) and 54.4 ° (95% CI, 45.8 °, 62.9 °), respectively, but was not statistically different (P = .096). Only overall limb rotation in limbs with biapical ALD was different from normal limbs (P = .008). Rotation at the level of the elbow was 77% and 85% of overall limb rotation in normal and deformity limbs, respectively, and was increased from normal in limbs with ALD (both P < .05). Radial torsion did not differ among groups but was moderately correlated with overall limb rotation. Conclusion Rotation arising in the elbow of limbs with ALD was higher than in normal limbs and accounted for the greatest contribution of overall limb rotation. Clinical significance Assessment of radial torsion alone is insufficient to understand overall limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial bone deformity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Cooley

Kroner²,

Muir

et al. 2018

Veterinary Surgery

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“…Multiple studies have evaluated MCD via conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and arthroscopy in combination with various computer‐aided techniques. No studies are currently available regarding RT in dogs with MCD . Furthermore, although RT has been accurately measured in normal canine antebrachia, all existing studies have reported data from only a small number of cases with ongoing orthopedic disease in the contralateral limb and mostly represent breeds with a low prevalence of MCD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Petkov¹,

Lesser²,

Lozier

et al. 2019

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To evaluate the magnitude and direction of radial torsion (RT) in dogs with medial compartment disease (MCD). Study design Case‐control study. Sample population Twenty‐eight healthy dogs and 28 dogs with confirmed MCD. Methods Computed tomography images of each dog's antebrachium were evaluated. Radial torsion was measured by using previously described landmarks on the proximal and distal radius. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t tests and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. Results Healthy dogs had a mean RT angle of 3.44° (range, 1.28°‐5.44°). Dogs with MCD had a mean RT angle of 11.84° (range, 2.31°‐26.55°). Both groups included similar proportions of dogs with external (76% vs 77%) and internal (24% vs 23%) torsion. The direction of torsion (P = .21 and P = .69) did not appear to affect the magnitude of the RT angle. Conclusion Dogs with MCD had an increased RT angle compared with healthy controls. The direction of torsion varied similarly between groups regardless of the disease status of dogs in this study. Clinical significance The fourfold increase in the RT seen in dogs with MCD may contribute to the rotational overload proposed recently, potentially modifying the orientation of the elliptical radial head and the ligaments crossing the elbow joint.

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Antebrachial Bone Deformities

Aithal,

Pal,

Kinjavdekar

et al. 2023

Textbook of Veterinary Orthopaedic Surgery

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Classification of Angular Limb Deformities Affecting the Canine Radius and Ulna Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Method

Abstract: Biapical deformities are common in dogs with limb deformities, particularly chondrodystrophic dogs. Radiographic evidence of disease in adjacent joints should be evaluated in patients presenting for antebrachial deformities.

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Assessment of overall thoracic limb axial alignment in dogs with antebrachial deformity

Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Antebrachial Bone Deformities

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