Classification of acute phase febrile upper respiratory tract infection: Retrospective chart review

Abstract

Aim: Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URI) are a common problem in primary care settings. In traditional East Asian medicine, URI are categorized into three major disorders: influenza-like; common cold; and warmth disorders. The categorization of acute febrile URI, however, is yet to be ascertained. Here, we conducted a single-center retrospective chart review and classification of the various symptoms of acute phase febrile URI. Methods: A retrospective chart review between December 2013 and May 2015 was performed. We included febrile (≥38 C) patients with upper respiratory symptoms within 48 h from the onset of fever. Patient profile and symptoms were investigated at the first consultation and clusters were constructed based on symptoms. Results: The study included 135 patients. Patients were divided into two groups, day 1 and day 2, according to the time from fever onset. The incidence rate of symptoms, such as general fatigue and muscle pain, were higher in day 1 visitors. Local symptoms, including cough, sore throat, and nasal symptoms, were more frequent in day 2 visitors. Three clusters were observed: chills without sweating (60.0%); chills with sweating (23.0%); and without chills (17.0%). Conclusion: Symptoms in acute fever vary. The present three clusters observed suggest that the classical classification of febrile disease is still true. Further studies are necessary to confirm the course of febrile URI described in classical textbooks.

The use of maoto (Ma-Huang-Tang), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, to alleviate flu symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…However, what constitutes a traditional diagnosis may differ among researchers and clinicians, and it is difficult to utilise strictly defined criteria in clinical trials. In our previous study, none of the symptoms, such as chill and absence of sweating, were themselves obligate indicators for maoto in the alleviation of influenza symptoms, suggesting that maoto can be used to treat probable influenza infection regardless of whether traditional concepts or diagnoses are used [ 34 ].…”