Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes

Barthlott, Wilhelm; Neinhuis, Christoph; Cutler, D. F.; Ditsch, Friedrich; Meusel, Iris; Theisen, Inge; Wilhelmi, Hiltrud

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x

Cited by 762 publications

(545 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

478

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The cuticle proper contains two different wax portions: the intracuticular waxes embedded in the cutin matrix and a layer of epicuticular waxes encrusted above. In some plant species epicuticular waxes form characteristic crystals that are mainly composed of the single predominant wax component (Barthlott et al 1998 analyses. For details see Zabka et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Rostás

Ruf

Zabka

et al. 2008

Naturwissenschaften

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The plant surface is the substrate upon which herbivorous insects and natural enemies meet and thus represents the stage for interactions between the three trophic levels. Plant surfaces are covered by an epicuticular wax layer which is highly variable depending on species, cultivar or plant part. Differences in wax chemistry may modulate ecological interactions. We explored whether caterpillars of Spodoptera frugiperda, when walking over a plant surface, leave a chemical trail (kairomones) that can be detected by the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. Chemistry and micromorphology of cuticular waxes of two barley eceriferum wax mutants (cer-za.126, cer-yp.949) and wild type cv. Bonus (wt) were assessed. The plants were then used to investigate potential surface effects on the detectability of caterpillar kairomones. Here we provide evidence that C. marginiventris responds to chemical footprints of its host. Parasitoids were able to detect the kairomone on wild type plants and on both cer mutants but the response to cer-yp.949 (reduced wax, high aldehyde fraction) was less pronounced. Experiments with caterpillar-treated wt and mutant leaves offered simultaneously, confirmed this observation: no difference in wasp response was found when wt was tested against cer-za.126 (reduced wax, wt-like chemical composition) but wt was significantly more attractive than cer-yp.949. This demonstrates for the first time that the wax layer can modulate the detectability of host kairomones.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Rostás

Ruf

Zabka

et al. 2008

Naturwissenschaften

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1). Segundo Barthlott et al (1998), cristais de cera formando placas ou plaquetas encontram-se amplamente distribuídos nas plantas apresentando, portanto, pouco significado taxonômico. Em todos os representantes, a cutícula apresenta ornamentação em costelas ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Para tanto, o material foi seco entre lâminas de vidro, montado em suportes e metalizado por 120 segundos, seguindo as técnicas usuais de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A classificação dos tipos de cera epicuticular baseou-se no trabalho de Barthlott et al (1998).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Anatomia foliar de Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) do Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Bieras

Sajo

2004

Acta Bot. Bras.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

e E. tortuosum). Todas as folhas são revestidas por cristais de cera epicuticular, que apresentam forma de grânulo ou plaquetas e se distribuem de maneira esparsa ou densa. Para todos os representantes, o padrão de nervação é camptódromo -broquidódromo, o mesofilo é dorsiventral e os estômatos restringem-se à superfície abaxial. Algumas características como bordo acuminado, região da nervura central com projeção adaxial, feixes vasculares laterais envolvidos por bainha parenquimática e tecido vascular em forma de arco aberto, nos pecíolos, são de ampla distribuição nas espécies estudadas. Outras características como bordo arredondado, nervura central com um único feixe vascular, epiderme papilosa na face abaxial e ocasionalmente biestratificada, na adaxial, além de esclereídes dispersas no mesofilo, restringem-se a determinados táxons. A presença ou ausência dos diferentes caracteres foliares permitiu elaborar uma chave de identificação para os Erythroxylum aqui estudados.Palavras-chave: anatomia foliar, Cerrado, Erythroxylaceae, Erythroxylum, taxonomia ABSTRACT -(Leaf anatomy of Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from Cerrado of the state of São Paulo, Brazil). With the aim of pointing out useful character for taxonomic purposes, we studied the leaf of the Erythroxylum species that grow on Cerrado vegetation in São Paulo state, Brazil (E. ambiguum, E. campestre, E. cuneifolium, E. deciduum, E. microphyllum, E. nanum, E. pelleterianum, E. suberosum and E. tortuosum). They are all covered by granules or platelets of epicuticular waxes of sparse or dense distribution. The venation is of camptodromous -brochidodromous pattern, the mesophyll is dorsiventral and the stomata occur only on the abaxial surface. Some features, such as acuminated margin, midrib region with adaxial projection, lateral vascular bundle surrounded by a parenchymatous sheath and petiole with vascular tissue in an opened arc-shape, are widely distributed amongst the studied species. Others, like rounded margin, midrib with only one vascular bundle, papillose epidermis on the abaxial surface, and occasionally bilayered on the adaxial surface, besides scattered sclereids on the mesophyll, occur only in some taxa. The occurrence or not of these leaf features allowed the elaboration of an identification key for the Erythroxylum species.

show abstract

“…The specimens were gold coated (20-25 nm), post-coated with carbon on ion sputter coater (Bal-Tec SCD 005), and observed under XL-30 Philips Scanning Electron Microscope at 15 kV accelerating voltage. The terminology used for surface patterns was based on Barthlott (1990) and Barthlott et al (1998) and adapted when needed. In order to determine the terminology of ornamentation pattern of P. amarus and P. stipulatus, some sculptures on transversal sections mounted on stubs were broken.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SEM images showed a massive core. According Barthlott et al (1998), the best word for this structure is "rodlet".…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM observations on seeds of some herbaceous Phyllanthus L. species (Phyllanthaceae)

Machado¹,

Oliveira²,

Mentz³

2006

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO: "Observações de sementes de algumas espécies herbáceas de Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) em MEV". Seis espécies herbáceas de Phyllanthus L. (P. tenellus Roxb., P. niruri L., P. stipulatus (Raf.) Webster, P. urinaria L., P. caroliniensis Walt. e P. amarus Schum. & Thonn.) mencionadas como medicinais apresentam difi culdades na identifi cação. Com o objetivo de auxiliar neste problema e determinar diferenças entre as espécies, o padrão de ornamentação das sementes foi estudado utilizando técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As sementes apresentaram ornamentação distinta, sendo observadas as superfícies laterais, dorsais e ventrais. As espécies puderam ser separadas em três tipos de ornamentação, que demonstraram importância como caractere diagnóstico para a sua separação.Unitermos: Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae, ornamentação da superfície da semente, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). ABSTRACT:Six medicinal herbaceous Phyllanthus L. (Phyllanthaceae) species, P. tenellus Roxb., P. niruri L., P. stipulatus (Raf.) Webster, P. urinaria L., P. caroliniensis Walt., and P. amarus Schum. & Thonn. are diffi cult to distinguish. In order to solve this problem, the ornamentation of the seed surfaces was analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Differences between lateral, dorsal and ventral surfaces were observed. The seeds were cut into sections at different angles, exposing testa sculptures. Three types of surface ornamentation patterns were observed and they showed to be avaluable diagnostic.

show abstract

Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes

Cited by 762 publications

References 41 publications

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Plant surface wax affects parasitoid’s response to host footprints

Anatomia foliar de Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) do Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

SEM observations on seeds of some herbaceous Phyllanthus L. species (Phyllanthaceae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About