Classification and Grading of Canine Mammary Tumors

Goldschmidt, Michael H.; Peña, Laura; Rasotto, Roberta; Zappulli, Valentina

doi:10.1177/0300985810393258

Cited by 553 publications

(657 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The histological grade was accessed using the classification system proposed by Goldschmidt et al (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metastatic Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Female Cat: Clinicopathological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features

Gal¹,

Cătoi²,

Taulescu³

et al. 2017

BUASVMCN-VM

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Lipid-rich invasive human breast cancer is a rare enigmatic entity among special types of infiltrating duct carcinoma. Our paper reports a lipid-rich mammary carcinoma in a female cat with the gross, microscopic and immunohistochemical description of the tumor. A 13-year-old intact adult female, mixed-breed cat was presented by the owner to the Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ClujNapoca, Romania. A complete necropsy examination was performed in our laboratory. The tissue samples were collected and processed by paraffin technique for further histological, histochemical, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical examination. During the necropsy examination, a subcutaneous mass was discovered on the chest. Several variably sized, well-demarcated neoplasms were noted in the right axillary lymph node, right thoracic wall, pleura, lungs, liver, spleen and kidney. Histologically, the cells frequently formed tubuloacinar structures. The morphology of the described tumor showed features of a poorly differentiated mammary carcinoma. Numerous tumoral cells were large and polygonal, with abundant cytoplasm that showed foam-like cytoplasm. The tumoral cells contained either multiple small or large and solitary vacuoles that pushed the nucleus to the periphery of the cell. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles of the neoplastic cells were positive for Oil-Red-O and negatively with Periodic Acid-Schiff. As for immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry, nonvacuolated and vacuolated neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis support a diagnosis of lipid-rich mammary carcinoma. This is the second reliable record of a lipid-rich mammary carcinoma in female cat and the first one with internal metastases.

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“…The histological grade was accessed using the classification system proposed by Goldschmidt et al (2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metastatic Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Female Cat: Clinicopathological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features

Gal¹,

Cătoi²,

Taulescu³

et al. 2017

BUASVMCN-VM

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“…6 Classification of histological type and grade was achieved as previously described. 4 Double immunostaining for CD44 and CD24 was performed consecutively using immunoperoxidase with DAB for CD44 and immunoalkaline phosphatase with Vector Red substrate for CD24 (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Membranous CD44 and cytoplasmic CD24 1 expression and double-immunostained CD44þ/CD24-were deemed positive when more than 10% of tumor cells were labeled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD44+/CD24– Cancer Stem Cells Are Associated With Higher Grade of Canine Mammary Carcinomas

Jang

Shin

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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The CD44þ/CD24-phenotype identifies cancer stem cell (CSC) properties in canine mammary carcinoma (MC); however, the histopathological features associated with this phenotype remain to be elucidated. Here, we determined whether the CD44þ/ CD24-phenotype was associated with hormonal receptor (HR; estrogen receptor [ER] and/or progesterone receptor [PR]) status and/or triple (ER, PR, and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2)-negative (TN) subtype; conventional histological evaluation was also performed. We found that, as single markers, both CD44þ and CD24þ were associated with less aggressive histological types, low grade, and a non-TN subtype; both markers were associated with HR positivity. On the other hand, a CD44þ/CD24-phenotype was associated with higher grade of carcinoma. Therefore, our results suggest that immunohistochemical phenotyping for CD44/CD24 is useful for the evaluation of tumor behavior as well as CSC-like properties in canine MCs. Keywords cancer stem cell, canine mammary carcinoma, CD44, CD24, immunohistochemistryCancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of self-renewal and asymmetric differentiation, a type of plasticity that directly contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor maintenance, and resistance to therapeutics.13 CSCs in human breast cancer with a CD44þ/CD24-phenotype are associated with poor prognosis.8 Efforts to identify canine CSCs have also revealed a CD44þ/CD24-phenotype in mammary carcinomas (MCs). Specifically, spheroids derived from canine MC cell lines in an in vitro CSC model have high CD44 expression but are negative or low for CD24 expression. 3A previous study reported that the CD44þ/CD24-phenotype was detectable in archival tissues; 10 however, the molecular and histopathological features associated with those markers remain to be elucidated. It is suggested that hormone receptor (HR) status (specifically, the estrogen receptor [ER] and/or progesterone receptor [PR]) and the triple-negative (TN) subtype (ER, PR, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] negative) are associated with aggressive tumor types in canine MCs. 6,7 We hypothesized that immunohistochemical analysis of the 2 markers, CD44 and CD24, would be a useful tool for predicting tumor behavior. The aims of this study were to examine CD44 and CD24 expression, either alone or in combination, with regard to canine MCs. Specifically, we determined the relationship of these markers with histological findings, HR status, and the TN subtype. Materials and MethodsWe investigated 88 cases of canine MCs from the histopathology database of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Konkuk University Animal Teaching Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed as previously described. 6 Classification of histological type and grade was achieved as previously described.4 Double immunostaining for CD44 and CD24 was performed consecutively using immunoperoxidase with DAB for CD44 and immunoalkaline phosphatase with Vector Red substrate for CD24...

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“…Complex hyperplasia and complex carcinoma, which have equivalents in mammary tumors but have not been described as IELs or hyperplasia/dysplasia in the veterinary literature, were included in this work [29].…”

Section: Iel Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic Evidence of the "Sick Lobe" Carcinogenesis Theory and the Frequency of Intraepithelial Lesions in the Mammary Glands of Female Canines with no Clinical Signs of Neoplasia

Caicedo¹,

Iregui²

2017

Int J Pathol Clin Res

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Classification and Grading of Canine Mammary Tumors

Cited by 553 publications

References 19 publications

A Metastatic Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Female Cat: Clinicopathological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features

A Metastatic Lipid-Rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Female Cat: Clinicopathological, Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Features

CD44+/CD24– Cancer Stem Cells Are Associated With Higher Grade of Canine Mammary Carcinomas

Histologic Evidence of the "Sick Lobe" Carcinogenesis Theory and the Frequency of Intraepithelial Lesions in the Mammary Glands of Female Canines with no Clinical Signs of Neoplasia

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