Classification and evaluation of episiotomy practices from 2004 to 2020 and association with OASIS

Abstract

Objective To apply a new classification based on seven clinically relevant subgroups to accurately describe episiotomy practices and evaluate the association between episiotomy and obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASIS) rates according to the classification's subgroups. Methods Observational retrospective cohort study based on a population comprising 39 487 women from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2020 in a level III university maternity unit. The primary outcome was the overall episiotomy rate in the institution and its trend over time as well as in each subgroup of obstetrical population classification. Secondary outcome was the rate of third‐ and fourth‐degree OASIS, and its association with episiotomy practice. Results The episiotomy rate decreased significantly from 43.2% to 20% in the total population. The overall OASIS rate was 0.34%; it remained significantly the same during the study period, although the association between OASIS and episiotomy was significant only in group 2 (nulliparous women with instrumental delivery) with a decrease of OASIS rate if using episiotomy (odds ratio 0.5; 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.8). Conclusion The episiotomy rate can be decreased without exposing women to an increased risk of OASIS. This encourages restrictive practice of episiotomy, but episiotomy should be considered in nulliparous women with instrumental delivery.

Effectiveness of episiotomy to prevent OASIS in nulliparous women at term

“…In the maternity hospital in the present study, in the case of OVD, forceps are mostly used compared with vacuum (89.9% vs. 10.1%) 16 . This rate is different from the practice, with almost equal use (50.2% and 49.8% respectively) of vacuum extraction and forceps in France 12 and in Europe 2 .…”

“…. 16 This rate is different from the practice, with almost equal use (50.2% and 49.8% respectively) of vacuum extraction and forceps in France 12 and in Europe. 2 Our results appear applicable to the use of forceps, but the other determinants of the occurrence of an episiotomy persist when using a vacuum.…”

“…Indeed, in parallel to the global dynamics, 14,15 we found a decrease in the rate of episiotomy over the period, but with a stable OASIS rate (Figure A1). 16,17 …”

“…Indeed, in parallel to the global dynamics, 14,15 we found a decrease in the rate of episiotomy over the period, but with a stable OASIS rate (Figure A1). 16,17 Finally, the lack of data on maternal satisfaction and long-term complications of episiotomies and OASIS can limit the results.…”