Classification and Categorization in Child Psychiatry*

Rutter, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02229.x

Cited by 132 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The Rutter Parents' Scale assessed emotional, attentional, and conduct problems (Rutter, 1965). It was initially developed for screening purposes and is regarded as a valid instrument for investigating psychopathology in unselected populations (Connell et al, 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Ultrasound Results Following Very Preterm Birth Predict Adolescent Behavioral and Cognitive Outcome

Nosarti

Walshe

Rushe

et al. 2011

Developmental Neuropsychology

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This study investigated the association between different neonatal ultrasonographic classifications and adolescent cognitive, educational, and behavioral outcomes following very preterm birth. Participants included a group of 120 adolescents who were born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation), subdivided into three groups according to their neonatal cerebral ultrasound (US) classifications: (a) normal (N = 69), (b) periventricular hemorrhage (PVH, N = 37), and (c) PVH with ventricular dilatation (PVH + DIL, N = 14), and 50 controls. The cognitive functions assessed were full-scale IQ, phonological and semantic verbal fluency, and visual-motor integration. Educational outcomes included reading and spelling; behavioral outcomes were assessed with the Rutter Parents' Scale and the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). Adolescent outcome scores were compared among the four groups. A main effect for group was observed for full-scale IQ, Rutter Parents' Scale total scores, and PAS total scores, after controlling for gestational age, socioeconomic status and gender, with the PVH + DIL group showing the most impaired scores compared to the other groups. The current results demonstrate that routine neonatal ultrasound classifications are associated with later cognitive and behavioral outcome. Neonatal ultrasounds could aid in the identification of subgroups of children who are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems. These at risk subgroups could then be referred to appropriate early intervention services.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Ultrasound Results Following Very Preterm Birth Predict Adolescent Behavioral and Cognitive Outcome

Nosarti

Walshe

Rushe

et al. 2011

Developmental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rutter Scales —The parents’ scale A24consists of 31 brief statements, and parents/guardians are asked to indicate the extent to which each statement applies to their child. Items are scored on a scale of 0 to 2 and are summed to obtain a total score, with high scores indicating more behaviour problems.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor neurological signs and perceptual-motor difficulties in prematurely born children

Jongmans

Mercuri

Vries

et al. 1997

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

109

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Aim-To examine the spectrum of neurological dysfunction and perceptualmotor diYculties at school age in a cohort of prematurely born children, and the relation of these measures to neonatal brain lesions, intelligence quotient, and behavioural adjustment. Method-One hundred and eighty three children were tested at the age of 6 years using Touwen's Examination of the Child with Minor Neurological Dysfunction, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC), the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), British Ability Scales, and Rutter Scales. Results-Twenty six children had definite cerebral palsy and one was blind. Of the remaining 156, the proportions falling below the 15th centile point were 31% on Touwen's Examination, 44% on the Movement ABC, and 17% on the VMI. Forty two passed all three tests. No child with a normal ultrasound scan developed cerebral palsy, whereas nearly all those with major lesions did. Minor lesions, however, were not generally predictive of later outcome. Correlations between the tests were generally low. Conclusions-These findings stress the need to assess neurological and perceptual motor functioning separately at school age and to monitor relationships with other aspects of development. (Arch Dis Child 1997;76:F9-F14)

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“…The psychiatric state of the children was studied by means of behavioural questionaries completed by teachers (Rutter, 1967) and parents (Rutter et al, 1968b), further information from teachers about the children's behaviour at school (Rutter and Graham, 1966), a systematic interview with the parent (lasting one to two hours) about the child's behaviour, relationships, and emotions , and a psychiatric examination of the child . The reliability and validity of all parts of the psychiatric assessment were examined and shown to be satisfactory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Brain Dysfunction and Child Psychiatric Disorder

Graham¹,

Rutter²

1968

BMJ

128

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Summary: The total population of 11,865 children of compulsory school age resident on the Isle of Wight was studied to determine the prevalence of epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and other neurological disorders. With the use of reliable methods, children selected from screening of the total population were individually studied by means of parental interviews and questionaries, neurological examination and psychiatric assessment of each child, information from school teachers, and perusal of the records of hospitals and other agencies. The association between organic brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorder was studied by comparing the findings in the children with epilepsy or with lesions above the brain stem (cerebral palsy and similar disorders) with those in (1) a random sample of the general population, (2) children with lesions below the brain stem (for example, muscular dystrophy or paralyses following poliomyelitis), and (3) children with other chronic physical handicaps not involving the nervous system (for example, asthma, heart disease, or diabetes).Psychiatric disorders in children with neuro-epileptic conditions were five times as common as in the general population and three times as common as in children with chronic physical handicaps not involving the brain. It was concluded, on the basis of a study of factors associated with psychiatric disorder, that the high rate of psychiatric disorder in the neuro-epileptic children was due to the presence of organic brain dysfunction rather than just the existence of a physical handicap (though this also played a part). However, organic brain dysfunction was not associated with any specific type of disorder. Within the neuro-epileptic group the neurological features and the type of fit, intellectual/educational factors, and socio-familial factors all interacted in the development of psychiatric disorder.

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Classification and Categorization in Child Psychiatry*

Cited by 132 publications

References 30 publications

Neonatal Ultrasound Results Following Very Preterm Birth Predict Adolescent Behavioral and Cognitive Outcome

Neonatal Ultrasound Results Following Very Preterm Birth Predict Adolescent Behavioral and Cognitive Outcome

Minor neurological signs and perceptual-motor difficulties in prematurely born children

Organic Brain Dysfunction and Child Psychiatric Disorder

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