Classification and Biogeography of Panicoideae (Poaceae) in the New World

Abstract

Panicoideae (Poaceae) in the New World comprise 107 genera (86 native) and 1357 species (1248 native). As circumscribed herein, Panicoideae include eight tribes: Andropogoneae, Arundinelleae, Centotheceae, Gynerieae, Isachneae, Paniceae, Steyermarkochloeae, and Thysanolaeneae. The two major tribes are Andropogoneae with 230 species (16.95% of all New World panicoids), and Paniceae with 1082 species (79.73%). Andropogoneae are divided into nine subtribes (Andropogoninae, Anthistiriinae, Coicinae, Germainiinae, Ischaeminae, Rottboelliinae, Saccharinae, Sorghinae, and Tripsacinae), while Paniceae are divided into seven subtribes (Arthropogoninae, Cenchrinae, Digitariinae, Melinidinae, Panicinae, Paspalinae, and Setariinae). Brazil is the center of diversity of New World panicoids with 741 species (54.6% of all species). The distributions of endemic and restricted taxa were analyzed in terms of biogeographical regions and Kranz syndrome. Amphitropical disjuncts and widespread species are also discussed.

Panicum sect. Dichotomiflora (Hitchc. & Chase) Honda e P. sect. Virgata Hitchc. & Chase ex Pilg. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) no Brasil

“…Referências à distribuição geográfica geral das espécies seguem Zuloaga & Morrone (2003), enquanto que sua distribuição no Brasil aparece no material selecionado, que inclui um exemplar por estado. Em certos casos, mais de um exemplar foi citado, para incluir o material utilizado nas ilustrações e nas fotomicrografias em MEV.…”

“…(Zuloaga et al 1998;Zuloaga & Morrone 2003); Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould (Gould 1974;Aliscioni et al 2003;Zuloaga & Morrone 2003); Phanopyrum (Raf.) Nash (Aliscioni et al 2003;Zuloaga & Morrone 2003) e Megathyrsus Pilg.…”

Molecular phylogeny of the subtribe Melinidinae (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) and evolutionary trends in the homogenization of inflorescences

“…) Griseb. ], and Yvesia A. Camus (Gutiérrez et al, 1974(Gutiérrez et al, , 1976Ellis, 1977Ellis, , 1988Brown, 1977;Hattersley, 1984Hattersley, , 1987Hattersley and Watson, 1992;Zuloaga, 1992, 1993;Zuloaga et al, 2007). Traditionally, C 4 grasses were classified, according to the descarboxylating enzymes used to liberate CO 2 from C 4 acids, in three major photosynthetic subtypes: NAD-me, NADP-me, and PCK (Brown, 1977;Ellis, 1977;Hattersley and Watson, 1992).…”

Atypical foliar anatomy related to Kranz syndrome in Paspalum inaequivalve and Paspalum microstachyum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae)

“…It includes about 330 species, most of them growing in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of America (Zuloaga and Morrone, 2005;Zuloaga et al, 2007). Major centers of species diversity include central and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Mexico, and the Andean region (Chase, 1929;Zuloaga et al, 2004).…”