Classical Swine Fever in China-An Update Minireview

Zhou, Bin

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00187

Cited by 63 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…CSFV is prevalent in China (Zhou, ). The viremia of CSFV‐infected pigs can persist for 2–3 weeks (Durand, Davila, Cariolet, Mesplède, & Le Potier, ), therefore providing mosquitoes more time to sample CSFV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although CSFV was detected in the H3 mosquito sample, the pig farm for collection of H3 sample was clinical health and no outbreak of CSFV was noticed. The CSFV detected in H3 sample might be a low virulent strain, because there are numerous CSFV strains with different virulence in China (Zhou, ), including low virulent and virulent strains that cause chromic infection and acute infection in pigs, respectively (Tamura et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms

Hameed

Liu

Anwar

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Mosquitoes harbour a diversity of viruses and are responsible for several mosquito‐borne viral diseases of humans and animals, thereby leading to major public health concerns, and significant economic losses across the globe. Viral metagenomics offers a great opportunity for bulk analysis of viral genomes retrieved directly from environmental samples. In this study, we performed a viral metagenomic analysis of five pools of mosquitoes belonging to Aedes, Anopheles and Culex species, collected from different pig farms in the vicinity of Shanghai, China, to explore the viral community carried by mosquitoes. The resulting metagenomic data revealed that viral community in the mosquitoes was highly diverse and varied in abundance among pig farms, which comprised of more than 48 viral taxonomic families, specific to vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, bacteria and protozoa. In addition, a considerable number of viral reads were related to viruses that are not classified by host. The read sequences related to animal viruses included parvoviruses, anelloviruses, circoviruses, flavivirus, rhabdovirus and seadornaviruses, which might be taken up by mosquitoes from viremic animal hosts during blood feeding. Notably, sample G1 contained the most abundant sequence related to Banna virus, which is of public health interest because it causes encephalitis in humans. Furthermore, non‐classified viruses also shared considerable virus sequences in all the samples, presumably belonging to unexplored virus category. Overall, the present study provides a comprehensive knowledge of diverse viral populations carried by mosquitoes at pig farms, which is a potential source of diseases for mammals including humans and animals. These viral metagenomic data are valuable for assessment of emerging and re‐emerging viral epidemics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms

Hameed

Liu

Anwar

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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show abstract

“…Virus neutralization test (VNT) is considered as the gold standard for serological monitoring and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. However, it has several limitations including time-consuming, requirement of cell culture, the need for live virus manipulation, and relatively expensive [2,[18][19][20][21]. Here, we described a competitive ELISA (cELISA) developed with a neutralizing anti-E2 monoclonal antibody.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutralizing monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for classical swine fever C-strain post–vaccination monitoring

Wang

Madera

et al. 2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background: Virus neutralization test (VNT) is widely used for serological survey of classical swine fever (CSF) and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. However, VNT is a time consuming procedure that requires cell culture and live virus manipulation. C-strain CSF vaccine is the most frequently used vaccine for CSF control and prevention. In this study, we presented a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with the emphasis on the replacement of VNT for C-strain post-vaccination monitoring. Results: One monoclonal antibody (6B211) which has potent neutralizing activity against C-strain was generated. A novel cELISA was established and optimized based on the strategy that 6B211 can compete with C-strain induced neutralizing antibodies in pig serum to bind capture antigen C-strain E2. By testing C-strain VNT negative pig sera (n = 445) and C-strain VNT positive pig sera (n = 70), the 6B211 based cELISA showed 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 94.87 to 100%) and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval: 100 to 100%). The C-strain antibody can be tested in pigs as early as 7 days post vaccination with the cELISA. By testing pig sera (n = 139) in parallel, the cELISA showed excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.957) with VNT. The inhibition rate of serum samples in the cELISA is highly correlated with their titers in VNT (r 2 = 0.903, p < 0.001). In addition, intra-and inter-assays of the cELISA exhibited acceptable repeatability with low coefficient of variations (CVs). Conclusions: This novel cELISA demonstrated excellent agreement and high level correlation with VNT. It is a reliable tool for sero-monitoring of C-strain vaccination campaign because it is a rapid, simple, safe and cost effective assay that can be used to monitor vaccination-induced immune response at the population level.

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“…Classical swine fever (CSF) is listed as a major noti cation disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and listed as a Class A animal epidemic disease in China [1]. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a small RNA virus with envelope in the Flaviviridae family, and the genome is approximately 12.3 kb in length [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalences of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Pigs in Hunan Province, China

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Several infectious diseases including classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Hunan is a province in south-central China, serological statistics will have certain effect on local breeding industry.The present study investigated the seroprevalences of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs from eight cities of Hunan province from 2017 to 2019. The samples were divided into two groups based on whether the hosts were immunized or not, and analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The seropositivity of CSFV and PRRSV between different parts of Hunan province in China was statistically significant. In unvaccinated group, our findings showed CSFV antibody in piglets' sera decreases gradually with increase of piglets' age whereas PRRSV-specific antibodies may appear in various growth stages. In immunized group, the average seropositive rate of CSFV antibody was 82.2%, while the rate of PRRSV antibody was relatively higher (84.4%).Conclusions: Results from this study suggested that a serological investigation on these two major infectious diseases (CSF and PRRS) among various growth stages of pigs will provide a basis for further development of more effective preventions and control measures.

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Classical Swine Fever in China-An Update Minireview

Cited by 63 publications

References 84 publications

A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms

A viral metagenomic analysis reveals rich viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from pig farms

A neutralizing monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for classical swine fever C-strain post–vaccination monitoring

Seroprevalences of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Pigs in Hunan Province, China

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