Classical swine fever: Comparison of oronasal immunisation with CP7E2alf marker and C-strain vaccines in domestic pigs

Tignon, Marylène; Kulcsár, G.; Haegeman, Andy; Barna, T.; Fábián, Katalin; Lévai, R.; Stede, Yves Van der; Farsang, Attila; Vrancken, Robert; Belák, Katinka; Koenen, F.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.044

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One of these new generation marker vaccines is the chimeric pestivirus CP7_E2alf, a BVDV (strain CP7), expressing the E2 gene of the CSFV strain Alfort/187 (Reimann et al, 2004). This recombinant virus proved to be a safe and efficacious DIVA vaccine candidate for oral and intramuscular (IM) vaccination of domestic pigs and wild boar in several studies Eblé et al, 2013;Gabriel et al, 2012;Koenig et al, 2007;Konig et al, 2011;Leifer et al, 2009;Reimann et al, 2004;Tignon et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of CSF vaccine CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies

Eblé¹,

Quak²,

Geurts³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of CSF vaccine CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies

Eblé¹,

Quak²,

Geurts³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…One day after the first dosing, animals were infected intramuscularly with 4 ml CSFV Wingene with a median titre of 10 4.5 TCID 50 ml 21 (Dewulf et al, 2001(Dewulf et al, , 2004Tignon et al, 2008). In parallel, pigs receiving untreated feed were infected and housed in a separate isolation unit as a positive-control group.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof of concept for the reduction of classical swine fever infection in pigs by a novel viral polymerase inhibitor

Vrancken

Haegeman

Paeshuyse

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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5-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo [4,5-c]pyridine (BPIP) is a representative of a class of imidazopyridines with potent in vitro antiviral activity against pestiviruses including classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This study analysed whether the lead compound, BPIP, was able to reduce virus replication in infected piglets. The compound, administered in feed, was readily bioavailable and was well tolerated. Eight specific-pathogen-free pigs received a daily dose of 75 mg kg "1 (mixed in feed) for a period of 15 consecutive days, starting 1 day before infection with the CSFV field isolate Wingene. BPIP-treated pigs developed a short, transient viraemia (one animal remained negative) and leukopenia (three animals did not develop leukopenia). Virus titres at peak viraemia (7 days post-infection) were markedly lower (~1000-fold) than in untreated animals (P50.00005) and the viral genome load in blood was also significantly lower (P¡0.001) in drug-treated animals than in untreated animals over the entire experiment. At the end of the experiment (day 33), no infectious virus was detectable in the tonsils of BPIP-treated animals, although low levels of viral RNA were detected. The inability to isolate infectious virus from the tonsils indicates that the risk of a persistent CSFV infection is negligible. Further optimization of the antiviral potency and bioavailability of this lead compound may result in molecules completely suppressing virus replication. A potent antiviral could potentially be used as a primary control measure against virus spread in case of an outbreak, in addition to present countermeasures. This study provides the first proof of concept for the prophylaxis/treatment of CSFV infection in pigs.

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“…However, deployment of C-strain vaccine in oral baits is permitted to control CSF in wild boar [5,6] and has been used to assist in the eradication of CSF from low biosecurity/informal swine holdings in Romania [7]. Whilst development of an efficacious DIVA vaccine is progressing [8-10] and the corresponding real-time RT-PCR [11] and serological DIVA tests have been developed [12], until such time as a DIVA capability is widely available, pre-existing C-strain vaccines remain important tools for CSF control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood and tissue homogenate samples obtained following intramuscular vaccination may contain detectable levels of vaccine viral RNA when monitored by CSFV-specific, real-time RT-PCR assays. Commonly, post-vaccination positive results in blood are only obtained following inoculation with high doses of vaccine and, if detectable, are transient and occur for a maximum of 16 days post-vaccination (dpv) [8,13,14]. Low levels of vaccine RNA are detectable in tonsil or oropharyngeal fluid samples for extended periods of time [14,15], particularly in tonsil samples, with 98dpv being the longest duration reported [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential detection of classical swine fever virus challenge strains in C-strain vaccinated pigs

Everett¹,

Crudgington²,

Sosan-Soulé³

et al. 2014

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundControl of classical swine fever (CSF) by vaccination ideally requires that field strain infection can be detected irrespective of the vaccination status of the herd. To inform on the usefulness of molecular tests compatible with genetic Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) principles when using live-attenuated vaccines, tonsil homogenates from a vaccination-challenge experiment were analyzed using a differential real-time qRT-PCR for the C-strain vaccine or real-time qRT-PCR assays developed to specifically detect the challenge strains used.ResultsIn animals with high or moderate levels of blood viraemia, which were not, or not fully, protected by vaccination, challenge virus RNA was readily detected in tonsil homogenates. In three out of the seven vaccinated animals that had high or moderate viraemia, the vaccine strain RNA also could be detected but at lower levels. Lower but varying levels of challenge and/or vaccine virus RNA were detected in tonsil homogenate samples from animals with no or low-level viraemia, and in groups solely consisting of such animals, no transmission of infection to naïve in-contact animals occurred. In one group of animals that were vaccinated 3 days prior to challenge, viraemia levels varied from high to absent and transmission of challenge virus to naïve in-contact animals occurred. The DIVA assay revealed challenge virus in all tonsil homogenates from this group, even in those animals that did not have viraemia and were protected from clinical disease by vaccination. Such animals, particularly in a low biosecurity/informal farm setting, could constitute a risk for disease control in the field.ConclusionsGenetic DIVA testing is useful for detecting the presence of field virus infection especially in non-viraemic animals without overt clinical signs but which are incompletely protected by vaccination. Such tests could particularly be useful to inform decisions prior to and during cessation of a control strategy that employs vaccination.

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Classical swine fever: Comparison of oronasal immunisation with CP7E2alf marker and C-strain vaccines in domestic pigs

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Efficacy of CSF vaccine CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies

Efficacy of CSF vaccine CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived antibodies

Proof of concept for the reduction of classical swine fever infection in pigs by a novel viral polymerase inhibitor

Differential detection of classical swine fever virus challenge strains in C-strain vaccinated pigs

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