Classical risk factors and their impact on incident non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in southern Germany Results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study 1984–1992

Keil, Ulrich; Liese, Angela D.; Hense, Hans‐Werner; Filipiak, Birgit; Döring, Angela; Stieber, Jutta; Löwel, Hannelore

doi:10.1053/euhj.1998.1089

Cited by 183 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Heavy smoking, for example, is known to be a strong predictor of myocardial infarction mortality (32,33). In our population, men smoke more than women and are predominantly heavy smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Because clustering of risk factors has a multiplicative effect on CVD morbidity and mortality (32,33), identification of groups with coexisting risk factors can help predict the course of CVD epidemic within the society as well as plan intervention strategies. In our population, only a quarter of adults were free from the assessed CVD risk factors at the time of survey, which is comparable to recent estimates from the United Arab Emirates (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

Maziak¹,

Rastam²,

Mzayek³

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…Heavy smoking, for example, is known to be a strong predictor of myocardial infarction mortality (32,33). In our population, men smoke more than women and are predominantly heavy smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

Maziak¹,

Rastam²,

Mzayek³

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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“…Pertinent study procedures have been described previously. 14,15 The second replication sample (R2) analyses included 1855 participants of various cooperating studies on nicotine addiction (NCOOP) conducted in Germany and including smoking characterization along with DNA acquisition. The study centers were at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, the German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, the University of Mainz, the University of Düsseldorf and the University of Berlin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans

Breitling

Dahmen²,

Mittelstraß

et al. 2009

Pharmacogenomics J

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Polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 gene coding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit a4 have recently been suggested to play a role in the determination of smoking-related phenotypes. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a genetic association study in three large samples from the German general population (N 1 ¼ 1412; N 2 ¼ 1855; N 3 ¼ 2294). Five singlenucleotide polymorphisms in CHRNA4 were genotyped in 5561 participants, including 2707 heavily smoking cases (regularly smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day) and 2399 never-smoking controls (p100 cigarettes over lifetime). We examined associations of the polymorphisms with smoking case-control status and with the extent of nicotine dependence as measured by the Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence (FTND) score (N ¼ 1030). The most significant association was observed between rs2236196 and FTND (P ¼ 0.0023), whereas the closely linked rs1044396 had most statistical support in the case-control models (P ¼ 0.0080). The consistent effect estimates across three independent cohorts elaborate on recently published functional studies of rs2236196 from the CHRNA4 3 0 -untranslated region and seem to converge with accumulating evidence to firmly implicate the variant G allele of this polymorphism in the intensification of nicotine dependence.

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“…The MONICA Augsburg project was part of the multinational WHO MONICA project and the designs of the two projects have been described in detail elsewhere [16,17]. Three independent cross-sectional surveys were carried out in the city of Augsburg (southern Germany) and the counties Augsburg and Aichach-Friedberg in 1984/85 (S1), 1989/90 (S2) and 1994/95 (S3) to estimate the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among men and women.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leisure time physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women from the general population

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to examine sex-specific associations between leisure time physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes in a representative population sample in Germany. Methods: The study was based on 4,069 men and 4,034 women (aged 25 to 74 years) who participated in one of the three MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1995. Subjects were free of diabetes at baseline. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were assessed in 1998 using a follow-up questionnaire. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 145 cases of incident type 2 diabetes among men and 82 among women were registered during the mean follow-up period of 7.4 years. In both sexes, a high leisure time physical activity level was associated with a reduced risk of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for confounding factors, the HR in highly active men (more than 2 h physical activity per week in summer and winter) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.50-1.36). In contrast, highly active women had the lowest risk of type 2 diabetes even after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.98). In subgroup analyses, after multivariable adjustment, the protective effect of moderate to high physical activity was significant in women with a BMI below 30 kg/m 2 (HR 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.65) but not in women with a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 or higher (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.44-2.11). Conclusions/interpretation: Leisure time physical activity is effective in preventing type 2 diabetes, especially in nonobese women, in the general population.

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Classical risk factors and their impact on incident non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in southern Germany Results from the MONICA Augsburg cohort study 1984–1992

Abstract: Our results confirm the important contribution of the classical risk factors to the risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in Germany. The results pertaining to the concept of rate advancement periods particularly demonstrate the great potential for prevention.

Cited by 183 publications

References 24 publications

Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans

Leisure time physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women from the general population

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