“…The currently available inotropic agents, including betaadrenergic agonists, phosphodiesterase-III inhibitors and calcium sensitizers, although they lead to a short-term hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement, they are followed by a neutral or even adverse long-term outcome [5,6]. Beta-adrenergic agonists, such as dobutamine, enhance cardiac contractility at the expense of increased myocardial oxygen demand, and therefore may lead to exacerbation of underlying myocardial ischemia, while, at the same time, cause cardiomyocyte calcium overload and increases the risk of arrhythmogenesis, leading to increased mortality [5,7,8].…”