2004
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.019
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Classical conditioning and conditionability of insulin and glucose effects in healthy humans

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Cited by 26 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…Serum insulin was measured with a commercially available microparticle enzyme immunoassay as previously reported [7,8]. For leptin, catecholamines and cortisol see ESM.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Serum insulin was measured with a commercially available microparticle enzyme immunoassay as previously reported [7,8]. For leptin, catecholamines and cortisol see ESM.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, increasing insulin action locally within the brain activated a vagal reflex to the pancreas causing increased insulin secretion [2,6]. The relevant stimulus for classical conditioning of insulin effects is insulin afferently reaching central insulin receptors [7]. Therefore, the intranasal administration of insulin constitutes an ideal paradigm in humans to validate this brain-pancreas cross-talk by demonstrating classical conditioning of central insulin effects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The experimental group is then re-exposed to the CS during evocation and alterations in neuroendocrine functions (e.g., concentrations of adrenaline, glucose, cortisol, insulin, norepinephrine, glucagon, vasopressin, ACTH, somatropin) 710 are analyzed, reflecting the conditioned response. Although learned placebo responses in neuroendocrine functions have been demonstrated in experimental animals (Ader, 1976;Buske-Kirschbaum et al, 1996;Janz et al, 1996;Pacheco-Lopez et al, 2004), there are few studies reporting these effects in humans, and those that do mainly employed insulin as a US measuring blood glucose or insulin levels as a conditioned response (Fehm-Wolfsdorf et al, 1993;Stockhorst et al, 1999Stockhorst et al, , 2004Stockhorst et al, , 2011Klosterhalfen et al, 2000;reviewed in Wendt et al, 2014b). Two human studies reported conditioned changes in plasma cortisol concentrations.…”
Section: E Neuroendocrine Responsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…L'expérimentation animale a permis d'obtenir des réponses aux stimulus conditionnants dans différents domaines (réponse à la douleur, réponse comportementale, immunomodulation) et a fait l'objet d'un grand nombre de publications [11-12, 20, 25-29]. Le conditionnement, chez l'animal, de fonctions aussi complexes que la réponse inflammatoire et la réponse immune a été particulièrement bien étudié [11,[25][26][27][28][29]. Par exemple, l'action immunosuppressive du cyclophosphamide peut être reproduite, après conditionnement, par la simple exposition au stimulus conditionnant [11,26].…”
Section: Conditionnement Pavlovienunclassified
“…Les médiateurs de ces effets, qui commencent à être clarifiés, sont probablement plurifactoriels [26,27]. Chez l'homme, quelques travaux ont démontré l'effet d'un conditionnement dans le cas de la douleur, de l'immunosuppression, de l'addiction, de la psychopharmacologie et de la régulation de la glycémie [3,14,28,29,36]. Il faut noter que l'effet placebo est particulièrement important quand le malade a déjà été traité par un produit actif.…”
Section: Conditionnement Pavlovienunclassified