Classical cloacal exstrophy with intravesical phallus

Arunachalam, Pavai; Pillai, Suma B; Sridhar, Divyaswathi Citla

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.02.017

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Deficiencies in the present case were the absence of pathological analysis of the vesicle tissue and the limited experience of the pathologist regarding cloacal exstrophy. Therefore, it was unknown whether the phallus was absent or present as an intravesicle phallus, as in previous cases (17,18). Finally, the present results identified two testicles located laterally in the pelvic cavity via autopsy examination, which is the most common anomaly of male sexual development (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Misdiagnosis of a cloacal exstrophy variant as urorectal septum malformation in a fetus by ultrasound: A case report

Yang

Chen

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Cloacal exstrophy variants are comprised of a wide range of characteristics, of which there are four primary features, including omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, an imperforate anus and spina bifida. The existing literature regarding the differential diagnosis from alternative urinary diseases prenatally are limited. If the bladder is present, defects in the ventral wall may not be visualized with prenatal ultrasound in certain conditions, including oligohydramnios, and differential diagnosis from urorectal septum malformation sequence is a challenge. In order to improve the diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy variants, the present study investigated the misdiagnosis of a cloacal exstrophy variant as a urorectal septum malformation in a fetus by ultrasound and analyzed the reasoning of diagnosis in detail.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Misdiagnosis of a cloacal exstrophy variant as urorectal septum malformation in a fetus by ultrasound: A case report

Yang

Chen

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“… 20. P Arunachalam et al, 2012 [ 21 ] Neonate, H-3 2200 g Aphallia and cloaca exstrophy • Patient’s had omphalocele, 2 hemibladders with elephant trunk appearance of the bowel segment, imperforate anus, bifid scrotum with descended testes, and absent phallus. • Biopsy was taken from the tip of phallus, Histopathologic examination: Revealed glans penis with corpus spongiosum made up of irregular vascular channels separated by fibrous stroma and corpus cavernosum with thick interanastomosing vascular structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most cases were reported in the USA which were 31% (n:13) of all cases [ 2 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 30 , 32 – 34 ], followed by India with 21% (n:9) [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 29 , 34 ] Iran with 12% (n:5) [ 5 , 13 , 17 ], China with 7.3% [ 1 , 6 , 23 ], Turkey with 4% (n:2) [ 15 , 31 ], France with 4% (n:2) [ 23 , 27 ], Japan with 4% (n:2) [ 26 , 27 ], Morocco with 4% (n:2) [ 9 , 10 ], Mexico with 2% (n:1) [ 3 ], UK with 2% (n:1) [ 11 ], and Senegal with 2% (n:1) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of cases involve males with 97% (n:40) of all cases (1–3,7–29), and 2% (n:1) was female [ 2 ]. Of the 35 cases, the majority with 48% (n:20) cases were term neonates [ 2 , 3 , 8 – 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 30 , 33 ], while 19% (n:8) were preterm neonates [ 2 , 13 , 24 , 26 , 32 , 34 ], 9% (n:4) were infants [ 1 , 16 , 25 , 34 ], 9% (n:4) were under five [ 5 , 7 , 19 , 27 ],and 12% (n:5) were over 5 years old [ 6 , 15 , 23 , 29 , 31 ]. The patient with the lowest gestational age was 31 weeks [ 13 ], with the oldest patient ‘s age was 31 years old [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 14 cases reported weight. As many as 19% (n:8) of cases reported low birth weight neonate [ 13 , 18 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 32 ], and 14% (n:6) of cases were normal birth weight neonates [ 9 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 25 , 27 ]. The case with the lowest birth weight was 1,440 g [ 26 ] and the case with the largest birth weight was 4,000 g [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aphallia - congenital absence of the penis: a systematic review

Yuri,

Yunir,

Utama

et al. 2024

BMC Urol

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Background Aphallia is a rare congenital anomaly often associated with other urogenital anomalies. The management of aphallia cases for both the immediate and long-term treatment of patients with aphallia pose a major dilemma. Patients are at risk for psychosocial and psychosexual challenges throughout life. Methods A systematic review was conducted on aphallia cases. We searched online databases until March 2023 for relevant articles and performed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. Results Of the 43 articles screened, there were 33 articles included. A total of 41 patients were analyzed qualitatively. Asia is the region with the most aphallia cases with 53% (n:22), while the United States is the country with the most most reported aphallia cases 31% (n:13). Most cases were identified as male sex (n: 40), and most cases were neonate with 68% (n:28) cases. Physical examination generally found 85% (N = 35) with normal scrotal development and palpable testes. The most affected system with anomalies is the genitourinary system with fistulas in 80% (n:29) cases. Initial management in 39% (n:16) of patients involved vesicostomy. Further management of 31% (n:13) included phalloplasty or penile reconstruction, and 12% (n:5) chose female sex. 17% (n:7) of patients refused medical treatment or were lost to follow-up, and 12% (n = 5) patients deceased. Conclusion Aphallia is a rare condition and is often associated with other inherited genitourinary disorders. In most cases, physical examinations are normal except for the absence of a phallus, and laboratory testing shows normal results. The initial management typically involves the vesicostomy procedure. Subsequent management focuses on gender determination. Currently, male sex is preferred over female. Due to the significant variability, the rarity of cases, and the lack of long-term effect reporting in many studies on aphallia, further research is needed to minimize bias.

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