Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles

Kok, Loke T.

doi:10.1006/bcon.2001.0940

Cited by 72 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Non-native invasive plant species are well known for their successful exploitation of environmental resources (e.g., water, space, light and nutrients), largely due to their aggressive and competitive ability, prolific seed production and seed longevity [1][2][3]. Along with having a competitive advantage in resource utilization over native species, many non-native weeds grow in the absence of natural enemies [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with having a competitive advantage in resource utilization over native species, many non-native weeds grow in the absence of natural enemies [1,2]. This allows non-native invasive weeds to easily establish and compete with native plants in the environment [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of this weed can impede grazing by livestock and decreases the forage production due to competition with grasses [17,18]. Since livestock do not graze musk thistle, it easily outcompetes grassland forage species and can dominate entire fields with up to 150,000 plants per hectare [1,22]. It has been determined that a single musk thistle per 1.5-m 2 reduces pasture yields by 23% [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Mırık¹,

Ansley²,

Steddom³

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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Remote detection of non-native invasive plant species using geospatial imagery may significantly improve monitoring, planning and management practices by eliminating shortfalls, such as observer bias and accessibility involved in ground-based surveys. The use of remote sensing for accurate mapping invasion extent and pattern offers several advantages, including repeatability, large area coverage, complete instead of sub-sampled assessments and greater cost-effectiveness over ground-based methods. It is critical for locating, early mapping and controlling small infestations before they reach economically prohibitive or ecologically significant levels over larger land areas. This study was designed to explore the ability of hyperspectral imagery for mapping infestation of musk thistle (Carduus nutans) on a native grassland during the preflowering stage in mid-April and during the peak flowering stage in mid-June using the support vector machine classifier and to assess and compare the resulting mapping accuracy for these two OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 613 distinctive phenological stages. Accuracy assessment revealed that the overall accuracies were 79% and 91% for the classified images at preflowering and peak flowering stages, respectively. These results indicate that repeated detection of the infestation extent, as well as infestation severity or intensity, of this noxious weed in a spatial and temporal context is possible using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Mırık¹,

Ansley²,

Steddom³

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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“…This species has attracted considerable interest as a potential biological control agent against notorious weeds, such as creeping thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and musk thistle Carduus nutans L., in cereals and pastures (Bacher and Schwab 2000;Kok 2001;Ward and Pienkowski 1978a). Cassida rubiginosa is capable of severely damaging thistle leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage-specific mortality, fecundity, and population changes in Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on wild thistle

2012

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Cassida rubiginosa Müller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most conspicuous defoliators of thistle weeds, is capable of severely damaging thistle leaves; however, populations rarely reach sufficient density for effective thistle control under natural conditions. To investigate the impact of natural mortality factors on C. rubiginosa populations, life table studies were conducted between 1996 and 1998 in Kanazawa, Japan. Egg mortality, mortality in early larvae, and lost fertility contributed strongly to total generational mortality in every year studied. Egg mortality was

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“…Carduus acanthoides (spiny plumeless thistle) is a winter annual or biennial (Kok, 2001) that is most commonly found in pastures and disturbed sites (Skarpaas and Shea, 2007). It reproduces once, and colonizes by seed (Skarpaas and Shea, 2007).…”

Section: Carduus Acanthoidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Role of Invasive Species in Successional Plant Communities Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Aneece¹

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I AbstractBiodiversity has been correlated with ecosystem stability and function. Invasive species can decrease biodiversity and cause ecological and economical damage. These species are especially prevalent in abandoned agricultural fields, and can disrupt secondary successional dynamics. Although field surveys are used to assess the impacts of these species, remote sensing can be more efficient, especially at large spatial extents. I examined the ability to use ground-level hyperspectral remote sensing to study invasive species and their effects on community properties at the Blandy Experimental Farm (BEF) in north-central Virginia. Their effects on ecosystem properties could not be assessed using ground-level remote sensing in this system; thus, I used leaf and soil measurements to assess their effects on secondary succession.I found that remote sensing can be used to differentiate among plant communities.The most influential species to community discriminability are considered invasive, suggesting that these species can strongly influence species compositions and other community properties. The most influential wavelengths for discrimination were distributed throughout the spectral profile and corresponded with plant physiological and structural elements.Thus, spectral differences across species were large enough to be used in aggregate to differentiate plant communities. Additionally, these differences were large enough to differentiate individual species, but discriminability varied by species. The two thistle species that are similar phylogenetically and structurally were readily distinguished amongst each other. However, the shrubby buckthorn was difficult to distinguish from the oriental bittersweet vine despite phylogenetic distance and differences in structure. This was likely due to physical overlap in the field and thus the difficulty in obtaining pure signatures for discrimination. Discriminability also differed by the spectral region examined. Buckthorn and oriental bittersweet were least discriminable in the 550-599 nm and 650-699 nm regions, due 2 to greater intraspecific variability of spectral data in these regions.Additionally, remote sensing can be used to estimate higher order community properties like species diversity, and thus assess the effects of invasive species on plant diversity.However, correlations between species diversity and spectral diversity varied by the spectral transformation technique used and the spectral region examined. There was a strong positive correlation between the two in the visible region when band depth was used and in the near-infrared region when first derivatives were used. There were no strong correlations in the red edge, due to high intraspecific variability in chlorophyll content.Lastly, I assessed the effects of these exotic invasive species on ecosystem properties, specifically secondary succession, using leaf and soil data. Differences in soil characteristics were larger across fields and stages than across species. However, there were species-level ...

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Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles

Cited by 72 publications

References 42 publications

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Remote Distinction of A Noxious Weed (Musk Thistle: CarduusNutans) Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Support Vector Machine Classifier

Stage-specific mortality, fecundity, and population changes in Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on wild thistle

Assessing the Role of Invasive Species in Successional Plant Communities Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

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