Classical and Quantum Atom Fringes

Batelaan, Herman; Bernet, Stefan; Oberthaler, Markus K.; Rasel, Ernst M.; Schmiedmayer, Jörg; Zeilinger, Anton

doi:10.1016/b978-012092460-8/50003-5

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Such waves are the only ones not diffusively scattered by the lattice. The equivalent view of atoms in dark states is simply that the de Broglie wave fields propagate without scattering (i.e., no SE) in the light field only when the atoms are indeed in dark states [19]. Such an effect has recently been observed in metastable Ar atoms [20].…”

Section: Bragg Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4 shows, dark state atoms travelling with longitudinal momentum p. make an angle φ with the optical wave fronts, and their de Broglie wavelength is where d Ξ λ/2 is the spatial periodicity of the light field. Equation (4) is exactly the equation for Bragg diffraction, but its interpretation in this context is indeed most astounding [19]. Here the de Broglie "matter" wave is Bragg diffracted by the spatially periodic optical field: matter and field have been interchanged from the usual case of Bragg diffraction of an electromagnetic field by crystalline planes of atoms!…”

Section: Bragg Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different view of VSCPT emerges by considering more carefully the motion of such dark state atoms in the spatially periodic field of oppositely propagating light beams [19]. As Fig.…”

Section: Bragg Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dark States and De Broglie Wave Optics

Metcalf

1998

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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The techniques of laser cooling have now become sufficiently developed that the focus has shifted toward interesting applications such as the quantum domain of atomic motion. This topic is characterized by the failure of the classical description in which atoms move as point particles whose trajectories can be known: instead, atomic motion must be described as the optics of de Broglie waves. For example, when the de Broglie wavelength λ d B exceeds λορtical, then a classical description is insufficient (Bose condensation is done in the dark, and the quantum condition becomes λdB > nearest. neighbor distance). One of the most fascinating topics of quantized atomic motion in a laser field derives from optical dark states that can even occur in the simplest (two-level) atoms, where there are no magnetic sublevels and the polarization is irrelevant. In spite of the simplicity of this two-level atom case however, the more interesting cases occur in multilevel atoms where the internal magnetic states and external quantum states of atomic motion become truly entangled. Schrödinger called such states "the heart of quantum mechanics" because they led to puzzles such as his famous "cat" and the EPR paradox.

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Section: Bragg Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Bragg Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dark States and De Broglie Wave Optics

Metcalf

1998

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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“…The inverse case would give rise to several diffracted beams simultaneously and to a loss of the angular selectivity [19,20]. A detailed comparison of the diffraction regimes is given in [21].…”

Section: Diffraction Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of atomic de Broglie waves using Bragg diffraction

Bernet

Oberthaler

Abfalterer

et al. 1996

Quantum Semiclass. Opt.

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Bragg diffraction of atoms at thick standing light waves requires that the wavematching condition is fulfilled. This usually means that the atomic beam crosses the light wave exactly at the Bragg angle. Nevertheless, our experiments also demonstrate Bragg diffraction at detuned angles if the amplitude of the standing light wave is temporally modulated with an appropriate frequency. If, on the other hand, the phase of the light wave is modulated no diffraction is observed. Both modulation processes produce frequency sidebands which set up 'slowly travelling standing waves' in front of a retro-reflection mirror. Atoms are diffracted at these 'almost standing' light waves in a similar way to photons at the travelling sound waves in an acousto-optic modulator. The frequency of the diffracted de Broglie waves is assumed to be shifted by the intensity modulation frequency. The different results using amplitude-and phase-modulated light waves are due to interference between the diffraction contributions of the individual frequency sidebands contained in the standing light wave.

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“…The free-space atom interferometers based on manipulating the external degrees of freedom of atoms 14,26 make use of material gratings to split the beams. The incoming atomic beam, being in a momentum eigenstate (i.e., a plane wave), sees a periodic type of boundary condition set up by the grating potential, and responds (as waves do) by diffracting off these periodic gratings.…”

Section: A Heuristic Model For Understanding the Behavior Of Atoms Dumentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Atom Interferometer Beam-Combination Configurations and Beam Splitter Designs

Zhang¹

2005

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information This report summarizes the state of the art of atom-interferometry experiments, with an emphasis on the beam-splitting and beam-combination configurations, as well as on the different choices of beam splitter designs including both the successful and the unsuccessful ones. Analyses and discussions are given on the relative merits of the different types of configurations and designs in the context of the different types of potential applications. The possible causes of the success and failure of the different atom-interferometry configurations are also explored, the ultimate understanding of which is tied to the resolution of the quantum measurement problem and possible ontological foundation for quantum mechanics. The insights gained by a new, heuristic model of the quantum measurement process could be used to guide the design of atom interferometers and the choice of beam splitter configurations. One example of a hybrid design of an atom interferometer incorporating both the free-space and atom-chip-based technologies is given. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) UnclassifiedUnclassified Unclassified The possible causes of the success and failure of the different atominterferometry configurations are also explored, the ultimate understanding of which is tied to the resolution of the quantum measurement problem and a possible ontological foundation for quantum mechanics. The insights gained by a new, heuristic model of the quantum measurement process could be used to guide the design of atom interferometers and the choice of beam splitter configurations. One example of a hybrid design of an atom interferometer incorporating both the free-space and atom-chipbased technologies is given.

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Classical and Quantum Atom Fringes

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Dark States and De Broglie Wave Optics

Dark States and De Broglie Wave Optics

Modulation of atomic de Broglie waves using Bragg diffraction

A Survey of Atom Interferometer Beam-Combination Configurations and Beam Splitter Designs

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