Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications

Abstract

This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, using PubMed and more generalized searches. We contemplate the attractiveness of the command neuron concept and why it has been largely superseded by parallel distributed processing (PDP) in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. Action potentials, synaptic connectivity and communication within the nervous system are extremely important to understanding basic neurological and physiological functions. However, newer concepts suggest computation within nervous systems may resemble quantum phase computation and that computational action potentials are also quantal. We suggest that a rational form of computation that can operate according to the physiological constraints of neurons and their connectivity is essential in further evaluating neuronal interactions. We also consider recent studies that indicate that quantum entanglement may occur in the human brain. Thus some brain functions may be non-classical, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness. The significance of this review is that future studies on motor command should not just consider the connectome but should also consider computational systems within nervous systems and the likelihood of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons not currently indicated by the connectome.

Neurocomputational Mechanisms Underlying Perception and Sentience in the Neocortex

“…Currently, we are at an interesting point of advance in neuroscience and evidence was recently presented to show that in addition to the computational events taking place in the cortex, there may also be non-classical brain functions due to quantum entanglement between systems, as described by Kerskens and Perez (23), which also supports our view that the brain uses quantum computation (5). Their observations require detailed verification but strongly suggest quantum entanglement between systems, not previously observed directly or physiologically identified (15).…”

Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying perception and sentience in the neocortex

“…No electrophysiological evidence has ever been found for such connections. In other words, systems of neurons without direct physiological or neurohumoral connections may well be able to influence one another, as we have discussed elsewhere (Winlow and Johnson, 2021;Winlow et al, 2023). Such concepts have been discussed in the past (Johnson, 2007;Larson, 2015), although the idea that quantum mechanics could in part explain higher brain functions was dismissed by some (e.g., Koch, 2006).…”

“…Such concepts have been discussed in the past (Johnson, 2007;Larson, 2015), although the idea that quantum mechanics could in part explain higher brain functions was dismissed by some (e.g., Koch, 2006). Obviously, the observations of Kerskens and Pérez (2022) require detailed verification but strongly suggest quantum entanglement between systems whose connections had not been previously observed directly or physiologically identified (Winlow et al, 2023). These findings, if verified, would strongly support our view that the brain uses quantum computation (Johnson and Winlow, 2021), and as a quantum-phase computer, it would be expected of us to generate multiple non-classical connections of this type across the nervous system.…”

Low-Frequency Oscillations for Nonlocal Neuronal Coupling in Shared Intentionality Before and After Birth: Toward the Origin of Perception

“…Stimuli cannot be recognized as simultaneous since the actions of the involved neurons are not cooperative. Even considering that some brain functions may be non-classical, i.e., occurring through nonlocal neuronal coupling, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness [32], the time lag can be the same for stimuli of different objects (events) and other for stimuli of one thing (or event) but of different sensory modalities. Because the triggers of various events may coincide again, how can the blank mind independently attribute them to proper events?…”