Class II MHC Molecules Are Specific Receptors for
            <i>Staphylococcus</i>
            Enterotoxin A

Mollick, Joseph A.; Cook, Richard G.; Rich, Robert R.

doi:10.1126/science.2658055

Cited by 258 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Of interest, the DR5 antigen is also exquisitely sensitive to stimulation by staphylococcal superantigen. 41 HLA alleles may also influence the incidence of CMV infection and subsequent seropositivity within a population group. 42 A chlamydia-related factor found to stimulate proliferation of Sézary cells led to the finding of chlamydia organisms within MF lesions and has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of MF/SS as a persistent antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Herne

Talpur

Breuer-McHam

et al. 2003

Blood

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Herne

Talpur

Breuer-McHam

et al. 2003

Blood

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“…SEA seemed a more powerful mitogen in our hands, but this could reflect non-optimal culture conditions for SEB, inasmuch as these differ for each mitogenic agent. SEA and SEB, if acting here as in mammals, bind to non-polymorphic conserved residues on MHC molecules 28 and on Vb regions of TCR expressed by reactive T cells. This should mean that analogue structures do exist in the axolotl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation by mitogens and superantigens of axolotl lymphocytes: functional characterization and ontogenic study

Salvadori

Tournefier

1996

Immunology

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SUMMARYUrodele amphibians have weak and slow immune responses compared to mammals and anuran amphibians. Using new culture conditions, we tested the ability of lymphocytes of a well-studied salamander, the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) to proliferate in vitro with diverse mitogenic agents. We demonstrated that the axolotl has a population of B lymphocytes that proliferate specifically and with a high stimulation index to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) known as a B-cell mitogen in mammals. This proliferative capacity is observed without significant changes throughout ontogenesis. In the presence of LPS, axolotl B lymphocytes are able to synthesize and secrete both isotypes of immunoglobulin described in this species, IgM and IgY. Moreover, a distinct lymphocyte subpopulation is able to proliferate significantly in response to the mitogens usually known as T-cell specific in mammals, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). The activated cells are T lymphocytes, as shown by depletion experiments performed in vitro with monoclonal antibodies, and in vivo by thymectomy. Splenic T lymphocytes of young axolotls (before 10 months) do not have this functional ability, which suggests maturation and/or migration phenomena during T-cell ontogenesis in this species. Axolotl lymphocytes are able to proliferate in vitro with a significant stimulation index to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB). These products act on mammalian lymphocytes as superantigens: in combination with products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), they bind T-cell receptors with particular Vb elements. The fact that these superantigens are able to activate lymphocytes of a primitive vertebrate suggests a striking conservation of molecular structures implied in superantigen presentation and recognition.

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“…Microorganisms, such as the pathogenic bacterium S. aureus, have surface proteins that can modulate the host immune system. S. aureus expresses superantigens (SAgs), which bind to human MHC class II molecules, primarily HLA-DR, and TCR (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). SAg binding to human T lymphocytes alone can inappropriately activate the cells, and this can result in T cell anergy or the elimination of the activated cells by apoptosis (36 -38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibronectin Binding Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus Can Mediate Human T Lymphocyte Adhesion and Coactivation

Miyamoto

Wann

Fowler

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) mediates the adhesion of bacteria as well as T lymphocytes. Mammalian cells express integrins α4β1 and α5β1 as the major FN-binding cell surface receptors. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, also express FN-binding receptors that are important for adherence to host tissue and initiation of infection. The S. aureus FN-binding protein, FnbpA, has been previously identified, and recombinant proteins that correspond to distinct functional regions of this protein have been made. Three recombinant truncated forms of FnbpA, rFnbpA(37-881), rFnbpA(37-605), and rFnbpA(620-881), were examined for effects on in vitro adhesion and coactivation of human T lymphocytes. These proteins, when coimmobilized with anti-CD3 mAb, activated T lymphocyte proliferation. The coactivation signal generated by the rFnbpA proteins required medium containing serum with FN. Furthermore, the costimulatory signal could be restored in FN-depleted serum when the rFnbpAs were preloaded with soluble FN. Monoclonal Ab blocking studies revealed that integrin α5β1 is the major receptor responsible for the rFnbpA costimulatory signal. Shear flow cell detachment assays confirmed that lymphocytes can bind to FN captured by the rFnbpA proteins. These results suggest that the S. aureus rFnbpA can interact with integrin α5β1 via an FN bridge to mediate adhesion and costimulatory signals to T lymphocytes.

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Class II MHC Molecules Are Specific Receptors for Staphylococcus Enterotoxin A

Cited by 258 publications

References 22 publications

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Activation by mitogens and superantigens of axolotl lymphocytes: functional characterization and ontogenic study

Fibronectin Binding Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus Can Mediate Human T Lymphocyte Adhesion and Coactivation

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