“…As discussed above, HDAC inhibitors are efficacious in pre-clinical animal models of HF [6,7,8,11,14,23,43,49]. However, molecular underpinnings for HDAC inhibitors in the heart have largely focused on their role in the regulation of histone (de)acetylation and gene expression [47,93]. Recent reports, however, have shown that HDAC inhibitors can target cytosolic and sarcomere proteins to improve cardiac function via improvements in muscle contractility [7], relaxation [14], autophagy [11], and proteotoxicity [8].…”