Class B GPCRs: A Hidden Agonist Within?: 
            Fig. 1.

Beinborn, Martin

doi:10.1124/mol.106.025932

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Conservation of the aminoterminal region is typical for peptide ligands coupling to class II (secretin type) G protein‐coupled receptors (Park et al. 2000b; Beinborn 2006), to which both the Drosophila and Caenorhabditis PDF receptors belong (Mertens et al. 2005; Janssen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and characterization of a conserved pigment dispersing factor‐like neuropeptide pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

Janssen

Husson

Meelkop

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurochemistry

104

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1TJ, SJH and EM contributed equally to this work.Abbreviations used: LD, light-dark; GFP, green fluorescent protein; NLP, neuropeptide-like proteins; PDF, pigment dispersing factor; PDH, pigment-dispersing hormones; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; TFA, trifluoracetic acid; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide. AbstractThe neuropeptides pigment dispersing factor (PDF) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are known as key players in the circadian clock system of insects and mammals, respectively. In this study, we report the discovery and characterization of a widely conserved PDF-like neuropeptide precursor pathway in nematodes. Using a combinatorial approach of biochemistry and peptidomics, we have biochemically isolated, identified and characterized three PDF-like neuropeptides in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The two PDF encoding genes, which were designated pdf-1 and pdf-2, display a very strong conservation within the phylum of nematodes. Many of the PDF expressing cells in C. elegans play a role in the control of locomotion and the integration of environmental stimuli, among which light. Our real-time PCR analysis indicates that both PDF genes are consistently expressed during the day and do not affect each other's expression. The transcription of both PDF genes seems to be regulated by atf-2 and ces-2, which encode bZIP transcription factors homologous to Drosophila vrille and par domain protein 1 (Pdp1e), respectively. Together, our data suggest that the PDF neuropeptide pathway, which seems to be conserved throughout the protostomian evolutionary lineage, might be more complex than previously assumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and characterization of a conserved pigment dispersing factor‐like neuropeptide pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

Janssen

Husson

Meelkop

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurochemistry

104

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“…Physiological agonists of class-B GPCRs are usually peptide hormones (Hollenstein et al, 2014 ). The N-terminus of the ligand peptide are thought to insert into the orthosteric binding cavity, although alternative binding modes are also proposed (Beinborn, 2006 ). In parallel to what we propose for activation of class-A GPCRs, it is probable that, in class-B GPCRs, the ligand binding couples with deprotonation in the orthosteric ligand-binding cavity (e.g.…”

Section: Additional Issues Related To Protonation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton transfer-mediated GPCR activation

et al. 2014

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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play essential roles in signal transduction from the environment into the cell. While many structural features have been elucidated in great detail, a common functional mechanism on how the ligand-binding signal is converted into a conformational change on the cytoplasmic face resulting in subsequent activation of downstream effectors remain to be established. Based on available structural and functional data of the activation process in class-A GPCRs, we propose here that a change in protonation status, together with proton transfer via conserved structural elements located in the transmembrane region, are the key elements essential for signal transduction across the membrane.

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“…However, a growing number of studies indicate that the N-terminus also plays an important role in receptor function [22-27]. For example, studies with class B secretin GPCRs indicate that the N-terminus is the ligand binding domain for these receptors [28]. It has been proposed that binding of the cognate ligand to the N-terminus induces a conformational change in the receptor's N-terminus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic roles for the N-terminus of the yeast G protein-coupled receptor Ste2p

Uddin

Naider

Becker

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

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The Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor receptor Ste2p has been used extensively as a model to understand the molecular mechanism of signal transduction by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Single and double cysteine mutants of Ste2p were created and served as surrogates to detect intramolecular interactions and dimerization of Ste2p using disulfide cross-linking methodology. When a mutation was introduced into the phylogenetically conserved tyrosine residue at position 26 (Y26C) in the N-terminus of Ste2p, dimerization was increased greatly. The amount of dimer formed by this Y26C mutant was greatly reduced by ligand binding even though the ligand binding site is far removed from the N-terminus; the lowering of the dimer formation was consistent with a conformational change in the N-terminus of the receptor upon activation. Dimerization was decreased by double mutations Y26C/V109C or Y26C/T114C indicating that Y26 is in close proximity to V109 and T114 of extracellular loop 1 in native Ste2p. Combined with earlier studies, these results indicate previously unrecognized roles for the N-terminus of Ste2p, and perhaps of GPCRs in general, and reveal a specific N-terminus residue or region, that is involved in GPCR signaling, intrareceptor interactions, and receptor dimerization.

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Class B GPCRs: A Hidden Agonist Within?: Fig. 1.

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Discovery and characterization of a conserved pigment dispersing factor‐like neuropeptide pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

Discovery and characterization of a conserved pigment dispersing factor‐like neuropeptide pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

Proton transfer-mediated GPCR activation

Dynamic roles for the N-terminus of the yeast G protein-coupled receptor Ste2p

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