Clash: Complete Lensing Analysis of the Largest Cosmic Lens Macs J0717.5+3745 and Surrounding Structures

Abstract

The galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 (z = 0.55) is the largest known cosmic lens, with complex internal structures seen in deep X-ray, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and dynamical observations. We perform a combined weak and strong lensing analysis with wide-field BV R c i z Subaru/Suprime-Cam observations and 16-band Hubble Space Telescope observations taken as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). We find consistent weak distortion and magnification measurements of background galaxies, and combine these signals to construct an optimally estimated radial mass profile of the cluster and its surrounding large-scale structure out to 5 Mpc/h. We find consistency between strong-lensing and weak-lensing in the region where these independent data overlap, < 500 kpc/h. The two-dimensional weak-lensing map reveals a clear filamentary structure traced by distinct mass halos. We model the lensing shear field with 9 halos, including the main cluster, corresponding to mass peaks detected above 2.5σ κ . The total mass of the cluster as determined by the different methods is M vir ≈ (2.8 ± 0.4) × 10 15 M . Although this is the most massive cluster known at z > 0.5, in terms of extreme value statistics we conclude that the mass of MACS J0717.5+3745 by itself is not in serious tension with ΛCDM, representing only a ∼ 2σ departure above the maximum simulated halo mass at this redshift.

Hubble Frontier Field free-form mass mapping of the massive multiple-merging cluster MACSJ0717.5+3745

“…The first conclusion we can derive from these results is that the mass distribution shows multiple distinct concentrations as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Earlier work has generally claimed 4 peaks in this region (Ma, Ebeling & Barrett 2009;Limousin et al 2012;Medezinski et al 2013). A more precise picture of the location of our peaks can be seen in figure 9 below.…”

“…Some systems in Z09 are updated with new spectroscopic redshifts from Limousin et al (2012); Schmidt et al (2014) and Vanzella et al (2014), and also some system definitions are improved following Limousin et al (2012), Medezinski et al (2013) and Richard et al (2014). System 2 was excluded in some previous analyses since this source was too faint.…”

“…At microwave wavelengths, this cluster is a bright Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect source (Mroczkowski et al 2012) which has enabled an estimate of its radial velocity through the Doppler shift induced by the plasma in the cluster to the photons of the cosmic microwave background (Sayers et al 2013). In the optical, a filament of galaxies seems to extend over cosmic scales from the centre of this cluster (Ebeling, Barrett & Donovan 2004;Medezinski et al 2013). The same filament can be observed in weak lensing maps (Jauzac et al 2012; Medezinski et al 2013) Figure 1.…”

“…In the optical, a filament of galaxies seems to extend over cosmic scales from the centre of this cluster (Ebeling, Barrett & Donovan 2004;Medezinski et al 2013). The same filament can be observed in weak lensing maps (Jauzac et al 2012; Medezinski et al 2013) Figure 1. Examples of lensed systems compared with the prediction from our model.…”

Chandra and JVLA Observations of HST Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745

“…Because of the large total mass ( = Ḿ 3.5 0. ; Umetsu et al 2014), complex mass distribution, and relatively shallow mass profile (Zitrin et al 2009), the cluster provides a large area of sky with high lensing magnificationand is thus selected as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH, Postman et al 2012;Medezinski et al 2013) and the HST Frontier Fields program 23 (Lotz et al 2014(Lotz et al , 2016 to find high-z lensed objects. Ma et al (2009) reported decrements in the ICM temperature near two of the subclusters of MACSJ0717.5+3745, which they interpret as remnants of cool cores.…”