Clarireedia: A new fungal genus comprising four pathogenic species responsible for dollar spot disease of turfgrass

Salgado‐Salazar, Catalina; Beirn, Lisa A.; Ismaiel, Adnan; Boehm, Michael J.; Carbone, Ignazio; Putman, Alexander I.; Tredway, Lane P.; Clarke, Bruce B.; Crouch, Jo Anne

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.004

Cited by 67 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The application of chemical agents is a common method to avoid biotic-stress-induced damage in turfgrass. For instance, dollar spot disease in turfgrass is caused by the fungus Clarireedia homoeocarpa, and it could be suppressed by fungicide in creeping bentgrass [199][200][201][202]. Captan and Chlorothalonil are efficient fungicides against Curvularia trifolii, which causes foliar yellowing of Paspalum vaginatum [5,194].…”

Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

et al. 2020

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Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.

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Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

et al. 2020

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“…Dollar spot on cool-season turfgrasses in North America is caused by the fungus Clarireedia jacksonii and is the most economically important disease of amenity turfgrass in temperate climates around the world (1). It causes roughly circular patches of bleached turfgrass 3 to 5 cm in diameter that can blight the stand and reduce the functionality of the site for recreational purposes (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlocal Variation in Soil Iron and Rhizosphere Microbiome Determines Disease Development in Amenity Turfgrass

Chou

Shrestha

Rioux

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dollar spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Clarireedia spp., is an economically important disease of amenity turfgrass in temperate climates worldwide. This disease often occurs in a highly variable manner, even on a local scale with relatively uniform environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms behind this local variation, focusing on contributions of the soil and rhizosphere microbiome. Turfgrass, rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples were taken from within a 256 m2 area of healthy turfgrass, transported to a controlled environment chamber, and inoculated with C. jacksonii. Bacterial communities were profiled targeting the 16s rRNA gene, and 16 different soil chemical properties were assessed. Despite their initial uniform appearance, the samples differentiated into highly susceptible and moderately susceptible groups following inoculation in the controlled environment chamber. The highly susceptible samples harbored a unique rhizosphere microbiome with lower relative abundance of antibiotic-producing bacterial taxa and higher predicted abundance of genes associated with xenobiotic biodegradation pathways. In addition, stepwise regression revealed that bulk soil iron content was the only significant soil characteristic that positively regressed with decreased dollar spot susceptibility during the peak disease development stage. These findings suggest that localized variation in soil iron induces the plant to select for a particular rhizosphere microbiome that alters the disease outcome. More broadly, further research in this area may indicate how plot-scale variability in soil properties can drive variable plant disease development through alterations in the rhizosphere microbiome.

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“…nov. formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett, the causal agent of dollar spot (DS), is the most destructive pathogen in turfgrass [1,2]. Dollar spot affects both cool-and warm-season grasses, during a wide range of growing conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms include circular patches 10-40 mm in diameter with small tan lesions surrounded by a darker band, sometimes presenting an hour glass appearance. During favorable conditions, spots may coalesce to form larger irregular shaped patches [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and preventative field evaluations of potential biological control agents and synthetic fungicides for control of Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov.

Marvin¹,

Kerr²,

McCarty³

et al. 2020

J Plant Sci Phytopathol

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Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov. Formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett, the causal agent of dollar spot (DS), is the most destructive pathogen in turfgrass. Symptoms appear as circular patches 10-40 mm in diameter with small tan lesions surrounded by a darker band, sometimes presenting an hour glass appearance. A multi-year study was initiated with the objective of determining the effi cacy of biological control agents (BCA) and tank mixes of BCA's and synthetic fungicides on DS control. Nutrient source was also evaluated to determine any interaction with the BCA's and tank mixes. In vitro studies evaluated the effi cacy of synthetic and BCA's for C. jacksonii control. Quarter strength potato dextrose agar was amended with ¼, ½ and full labeled rates of various products. Chlorothalonil at all rates provided greatest (> 90%) control of C. jacksonii for study duration. Biological control agents provided best effi cacy at ¼ and ½ label rates. Streptomyces griseoviridis provided least effi cacy and may have exacerbated formation of C. jacksonii. Preventative fi eld evaluations for synthetic and BCA's provided different results between two study years. In Year 1, all treatments had < 15% disease severity for the duration of the study. In year 2, disease pressure was extremely elevated. Synthetic program 1, centered on azoxystrobin + propiconazole applications and conventional fertility sources, provided best results with < 5% disease severity for the duration of the study. Reduced synthetic program 1, and synthetic program 2 followed closely with < 10% disease severity. Reduced synthetic programs were based on monthly applications of either chlorothalonil or pyraclostrobin every 30 day, alternated with biofungicide applications. Synthetic program 2 utilized rotation applications of pyraclostrobin and chlorothalonil every 14 days. Organic programs, utilizing only biofungicides and organic fertility sources, provided the least amount of control and exceeded the 15% threshold by the second month of the evaluation period. In vitro and preventative fi eld evaluations of potential biological control agents and synthetic fungicides for control of Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov.

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Clarireedia: A new fungal genus comprising four pathogenic species responsible for dollar spot disease of turfgrass

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass

Hyperlocal Variation in Soil Iron and Rhizosphere Microbiome Determines Disease Development in Amenity Turfgrass

In vitro and preventative field evaluations of potential biological control agents and synthetic fungicides for control of Clarireedia jacksonii sp. nov.

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