Clarifying the roles of schizotypy and psychopathic traits in lexical decision performance

Vanova, Martina; Aldridge-Waddon, Luke; Jennings, Ben; Elbers, Leonie; Puzzo, Ignazio; Kumari, Veena

doi:10.1016/j.scog.2021.100224

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This study examined neural activations during LDT in association with dimensional psychopathology‐related traits of positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity. Our findings showing that higher Motor Impulsivity was strongly associated with lower activity in several areas strongly involved in word‐nonword recognition are in concordance with recent behavioural findings in an independent sample (Vanova et al, 2022 ). Higher positive schizotypal traits (Unusual Experiences) were associated with lower neural activity in the left cerebellum in low‐frequency words, an area with connection to lexical and phonological knowledge areas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, we expected to see some distinct neural correlates for positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity along with relatively stronger associations with brain activity in some areas for Meanness and/or Motor Impulsivity, given that these traits had explained some unique but varying amount of variance in LDT performance in our previous study (Vanova et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We tentatively hypothesised that higher levels of positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences), psychopathy (Meanness, Boldness), and Motor Impulsivity will correlate with lower activation in areas associated with phonological processing when identifying lowfrequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones in order of increasing involvement of phonological processing. Furthermore, we expected to see some distinct neural correlates for positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity along with relatively stronger associations with brain activity in some areas for Meanness and/or Motor Impulsivity, given that these traits had explained some unique but varying amount of variance in LDT performance in our previous study (Vanova et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In addition to task‐related factors, the pattern of brain activation may vary in relation to individual differences, for example, certain psychopathology‐related dimensions that negatively influence LDT performance (Harmon‐Jones et al, 1997 ; Heritage & Benning, 2013 ; Lorenz & Newman, 2002 ; Tan et al, 2016 ). Our recent study (Vanova et al, 2022 ) showed negative associations between LDT performance (accuracy) and Unusual Experiences (positive schizotypy) subscale of the Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O‐LIFE; Mason & Claridge, 2006 ), Boldness (fearless dominance), and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]; Patrick et al, 2009 ), as well as Motor Impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS‐11]; Patton et al, 1995 ) in a healthy volunteer sample. Importantly, we found that each of these traits explained some amount of unique variance in performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word‐nonword recognition

Vanova

Aldridge-Waddon

Norbury

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Previous behavioural data indicate lower word‐nonword recognition accuracy in association with a high level of positive schizotypy, psychopathy, or motor impulsivity traits, each with some unique contribution, in the general population. This study aimed to examine the neural underpinnings of these associations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a volunteer sample. Twenty‐two healthy English‐speaking adults completed self‐report measures of schizotypy (Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences [O‐LIFE]), psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS‐11]) and underwent whole‐brain fMRI while performing a lexical decision task (LDT) featuring high and low‐frequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones. Higher positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) was associated with lower cerebellum activity during identification of low‐frequency words (over real nonwords). Higher Boldness (fearless dominance) and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy were associated with lower striatal and posterior cingulate activity when identifying nonwords over words. Higher Motor Impulsivity was associated with lower activity in the fusiform (bilaterally), inferior frontal (right‐sided), and temporal gyri (bilaterally) across all stimuli‐types over resting baseline. Positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity traits influence word‐nonword recognition through distinct neurocognitive mechanisms. Positive schizotypy and psychopathy appear to influence LDT performance through brain areas that play only a supportive (cerebellum) or indirect role in reading‐related skills. The negative association between Motor Impulsivity and activations typically found for phonological processing and automatic word identification indicates a reduced bilateral integration of the meaning and sound of mental word representations, and inability to select the appropriate outputs, in impulsive individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word‐nonword recognition

Vanova

Aldridge-Waddon

Norbury

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Comparison of the Speech Texts of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: Study Using a Corpus Linguistic Approach

Ermanto,

JR,

Ardi

et al. 2024

J. of Law and Sust. Develop.

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Purpose: This research has several objectives. First, determine lexical density and compare the lexical density. Second, to determine the key lexical density and compare the key lexical density. Third, to test the independence of the relationship between lexical variations and the text of President Joko Widodo's and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speeches. Theoretical Reference: The theoretical basis used in this research is the lexical analysis approach in linguistics. The application of lexical perspective analysis is expected to be able to review the communication used by each individual. The theoretical lexical discussion will also use a statistical independence analysis approach. The application of a statistical independence analysis approach is used to review a person's individual language abilities. Method: This research uses a qualitative and quantitative corpus linguistics approach. The corpus linguistic application used in this research is the KORTARA application (Korpus Nusantara). The research data is a corpus of 9 texts of President Joko Widodo's speeches and a corpus of 9 texts of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono which are official speeches every 16 August before the DPR of the Republic of Indonesia. Results and Conclusion: The results of this research reveal that the text corpus of President Joko Widodo's speech is richer and more varied than the text corpus of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech in lexical use. This research also revealed that there is a relationship between lexical variation and the type of text of the President of the Republic of Indonesia's speech with a confidence level of 95%. The difference in lexical variation and frequency between the text corpus of President Joko Widodo's speech and the text corpus of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's speech is statistically significant at p < 0.05. Implication of Research: The implication of this research is the realization of the KORTARA corpus linguistic approach (Korpus Nusantara) which can facilitate research for small and large scale data. This research also reveals that the application of a statistical approach provides maximum results in the analysis of large-scale linguistic phenomena. Originality/value: The current study makes a valuable empirical contribution by combining statistical analysis using corpus and qualititative analysis to give comprehensive conclusion. This study is the answer toward the question about the reliability and validity of linguistic studies.

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Clarifying the roles of schizotypy and psychopathic traits in lexical decision performance

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word‐nonword recognition

Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word‐nonword recognition

Comparison of the Speech Texts of Indonesian President Joko Widodo and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: Study Using a Corpus Linguistic Approach

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