Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota

Bass, David; Czech, Lucas; Williams, Bryony A. P.; Berney, Cédric; Dunthorn, Micah; Mahé, Frédéric; Torruella, Guifré; Stentiford, Grant D.; Williams, Tom A.

doi:10.1111/jeu.12519

Cited by 102 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Broad taxonomic groups on the phylogenies were labelled based on latest phylogenetic classifications in latest version of the UNITE database (Kõljalg et al., 2005), apart from assignment of the Cryptomycota OTU clades which was based on Bass et al. (2018) and novel Chytrid clades (Richards et al., 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the Western South Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2020

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Marine plastic pollution has a range of negative impacts for biota and the colonization of plastics in the marine environment by microorganisms may have significant ecological impacts. However, data on epiplastic organisms, particularly fungi, is still lacking for many ocean regions. To evaluate plastic associated fungi and their geographic distribution, we characterised plastics sampled from surface waters of the western South Atlantic (WSA) and Antarctic Peninsula (AP), using DNA metabarcoding of three molecular markers (ITS2, 18S rRNA V4 and V9 regions). Numerous taxa from eight fungal phyla and a total of 64 orders were detected, including groups that had not yet been described associated with plastics. There was a varied phylogenetic assemblage of predominantly known saprotrophic taxa within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. We found a range of marine cosmopolitan genera present on plastics in both locations, i.e., Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Wallemia and a number of taxa unique to each region, as well as a high variation of taxa such as Chytridiomycota and Aphelidomycota between locations. Within these basal fungal groups we identified a number of phylogenetically novel taxa. This is the first description of fungi from the Plastisphere within the Southern Hemisphere, and highlights the need to further investigate the potential impacts of plastic associated fungi on other organisms and marine ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the Western South Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2020

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“…Ward, G.M., Neuhauser, S., Groben, R., Ciaghi, S., Berney, C., Romac, S. & Bass, D. . Environmental sequencing fills the gap between parasitic haplosporidians and free‐living giant amoebae.…”

Section: Rhizariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes

Adl

Bass

Lane

et al. 2019

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [ J. Euk. Microbiol . 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many nodes in phylogenetic analyses. For some clades even families are being clearly resolved. As we had predicted, environmental sampling in the intervening years has massively increased the genetic information at hand. Consequently, we have discovered novel clades, exciting new genera and uncovered a massive species level diversity beyond the morphological species descriptions. Several clades known from environmental samples only have now found their home. Sampling soils, deeper marine waters and the deep sea will continue to fill us with surprises. The main changes in this revision are the confirmation that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista. We provide suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade. We have provided a guide to trophic functional guilds in an appendix, to facilitate the interpretation of environmental samples, and a standardized taxonomic guide for East Asian users.

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“…Even though half of the marine fungi do not have any associated molecular data, HTS still offers immense possibilities to understanding global patterns of marine fungal diversity (Nilsson et al 2018), especially at various taxonomic resolutions (such as phylum level), where databases are likely not as limiting. Even still, hierarchal database taxonomies used for classification can lag substantially behind novel evolutionary insights (Bass et al 2018) and taxonomic revisions ).…”

Section: Marine Fungi and High-throughput Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

et al. 2019

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Growing interest in understanding the relevance of marine fungi to food webs, biogeochemical cycling, and biological patterns necessitates establishing a context for interpreting future findings. To help establish this context, we summarize the diversity of cultured and observed marine planktonic fungi from across the world. While exploring this diversity, we discovered that only half of the known marine fungal species have a publicly available DNA locus, which we hypothesize will likely hinder accurate highthroughput sequencing classification in the future, as it does currently. Still, we reprocessed >600 high-throughput datasets and analyzed 4.9 × 10 9 sequences (4.8 × 10 9 shotgun metagenomic reads and 1.0 × 10 8 amplicon sequences) and found that every fungal phylum is represented in the global marine planktonic mycobiome; however, this mycobiome is generally predominated by three phyla: the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota. We hypothesize that these three clades are the most abundant due to a combination of evolutionary histories, as well as physical processes that aid in their dispersal. We found that environments with atypical salinity regimes (>5 standard deviations from the global mean: Red Sea, Baltic Sea, sea ice) hosted higher proportions of the Chytridiomycota, relative to open oceans that are dominated by Dikarya. The Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea had the highest fungal richness of all areas explored. An analysis of similarity identified significant differences between oceanographic regions. There were no latitudinal gradients of marine fungal richness and diversity observed. As more high-throughput sequencing data become available, expanding the collection of reference loci and genomes will be essential to understanding the ecology of marine fungi.

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Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota

Cited by 102 publications

References 61 publications

Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the Western South Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula

Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the Western South Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula

Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes

Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

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