Clarifying Erb's Point as an Anatomic Landmark in the Posterior Cervical Triangle

Landers, John; Maino, Kimberly L.

doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02368.x

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…There is significant perplexity in the current literature concerning the description of the GAP, the NP, and Erb's point. Wilhelm Heinrich Erb first described Erb's point as a circumscribed point, superior to the clavicle at approximately 2–3 cm, lateral to the PBSCM and anterior to the sixth cervical vertebra that, during stimulation, resulted in contraction of the brachialis, biceps brachii, deltoid, and supinator muscles (Landers & Maino, 2012; Tubbs et al, 2007). A 2010 survey by Carswell et al (2010) reported that about 6% of 50 ENT surgeons correctly determined Erb's point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal accessory nerve anatomy in the posterior cervical triangle: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Koliarakis,

Manatakis,

Tsitsipanis

et al. 2023

Clinical Anatomy

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This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) in the posterior cervical triangle, especially in relation to adjacent anatomical landmarks, along with a systematic review of the current literature with a meta‐analysis of the data. Overall, 22 cadaveric and three prospective intraoperative studies, with a total of 1346 heminecks, were included in the analysis. The major landmarks relevant to the entry of the SAN at the posterior border of the SCM muscle (PBSCM) were found to be the mastoid apex, the great auricular point (GAP), the nerve point (NP), and the point where the PBSCM meets the upper border of the clavicle. The SAN was reported to enter the posterior cervical triangle above GAP in 100% of cases and above NP in most cases (97.5%). The mean length of the SAN along its course from the entry point to its exit point from the posterior triangle of the neck was 4.07 ± 1.13 cm. The SAN mainly gave off 1 or 2 branches (32.5% and 31%, respectively) and received either no branches or one branch in most cases (58% and 23%, respectively) from the cervical plexus during its course in the posterior cervical triangle. The major landmarks relevant to the entry of the SAN at the anterior border of the TPZ muscle (ABTPZ) were found to be the point where the ABTPZ meets the upper border of the clavicle and the midpoint of the clavicle, along with the mastoid apex, the acromion, and the transverse distance of the SAN exit point to the PBSCM. The results of the present meta‐analysis will be helpful to surgeons operating in the posterior cervical triangle, aiding the avoidance of the iatrogenic injury of the SAN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal accessory nerve anatomy in the posterior cervical triangle: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Koliarakis,

Manatakis,

Tsitsipanis

et al. 2023

Clinical Anatomy

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“…In the treatment of Erb's palsy, early intervention helps ameliorate the case and give a very good result. Few percentages complained that they instructed by the medical officer to go home with the baby that the case will resolve on its own without treatment, which later resulted in deformity [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The researcher recommend that the next research will handle the case of community health outreach and community based rehabilitation to bring the sensitization and treatment to their doorstep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence/Incidence of Erb’s Palsy in Ikwere LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria

2023

JCPCCR

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The highest number of women (n=22) 41% fall within the age range of 20-25years, the lowest age bracket being n = (6) 3% with the age range of 35-40years, 35% (n=18) for 14-20years, 15% (n=10) for 25-35years and 6% for the age range of 30-35years respectively. Greater number of mothers having kids with Erb’s palsy falls within the age range of 20-25years. 54% (n=31) of the mothers did not attend basic education, 3% (1) attained to the level of MSc/PhD, 20% (15) attained High school, 14% (n=10) has OND and 9% has BSc respectively. 0% is strongly knowledgeable about Erb’s palsy, 52% (n=39) where strongly not Aware of the condition, 38% (n=18) where not-Aware while 10% (n=6) where Aware. 32 medical professionals where involved. 45% (n=15) are strongly aware of the condition Erb’s palsy, None is strongly not Aware, 45% (n=15) where just Aware, while 10% (n=2) is Not Aware.. From the data, none of the mothers reported the cases within days of presentation. Some believed it would resolve on its own. 10% (n=2) reported within weeks, 23% (15) reported within 3-6months, 28% (n=17) reported within 6months to 1year, while 39% (n=29) reported between 1years – 5years

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“…The latter one is not the anatomical spot at which the GAN may be found as it is a “supraclavicular point” located superior to the clavicle. Confusion between the two points should be avoided [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Origin and Drainage Of The External Jugular Veinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Variations of the External Jugular Vein: A Pictorial and Critical Review

et al. 2023

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(1) Background: The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant for identification of the greater auricular nerve, flap design and preparation, or EJV cannulation. (2) Methods: Different publications were comprehensively reviewed. Dissections and three-dimensional volume renderings of peculiar cases were used to sample the review. (3) Results: Different anatomical possibilities of the EJV were critically reviewed and documented: fenestrations and double fenestrations, true or false duplications, triplication, absence, aberrant origin or course, or bifurcation. Tributaries of the EJV, such as the facial and posterior external jugular veins, are discussed. The internal jugular vein termination of the EJV is also presented. (4) Conclusions: Care should be taken when different morphological features of the EJV are encountered or reported.

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Clarifying Erb's Point as an Anatomic Landmark in the Posterior Cervical Triangle

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Spinal accessory nerve anatomy in the posterior cervical triangle: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Spinal accessory nerve anatomy in the posterior cervical triangle: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Prevalence/Incidence of Erb’s Palsy in Ikwere LGA of Rivers State, Nigeria

Anatomical Variations of the External Jugular Vein: A Pictorial and Critical Review

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