Clarendon Ancient History Series: Tacitus: Germania

Tacitus,; Rives, James B.

doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199240005.book.1

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…While aurochs bulls had wither heights of 180 cm and cows of 160 cm, Bronze and Iron Age cattle in France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Central Europe, typically reached 110 cm [20,59,83,84], agreeing with contemporary descriptions of the Friesian and Batavian cattle during the Roman era [85].…”

Section: Short-horned and Small Taurine Cattle In The Bronze And Ironsupporting

confidence: 74%

On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources

Felius¹,

Beerling²,

et al. 2014

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Cattle are our most important livestock species because of their production and role in human culture. Many breeds that differ in appearance, performance and environmental adaptation are kept on all inhabited continents, but the historic origin of the diverse phenotypes is not always clear. We give an account of the history of cattle by integrating archaeological record and pictorial or written sources, scarce until 300 years ago, with the recent contributions of DNA analysis. We describe the domestication of their wild ancestor, migrations to eventually all inhabited continents, the developments during prehistory, the antiquity and the Middle Ages, the relatively recent breed formation, the industrial cattle husbandry in the Old and New World and the current efforts to preserve the cattle genetic resources. Surveying the available information, we propose three main and overlapping phases during the development of the present genetic diversity: (i) domestication and subsequent wild introgression; (ii) natural adaptation to a diverse agricultural habitat; and (iii) breed development.

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Section: Short-horned and Small Taurine Cattle In The Bronze And Ironsupporting

confidence: 74%

On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources

Felius¹,

Beerling²,

et al. 2014

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“…The reason for the contemporaneous minting at the same time and in the same place of serrati and regular denarii remains, up to now, uncertain, 18 as well as the reason for this complex labourconsuming method considering the large-scale production of the silver coins required by the widespread trade within the Roman world. 18 The only place of ancient information is given by Tacitus,19 who wrote in the 'Germania' that the Germans preferred the serrati instead of the most widely diffused denarii because the notches around the edge guaranteed that the coins were genuine silver coins and not plated as for the subaerate coins. Indeed, the appearance of these latter coins was identical to that of denarii and they were produced by Roman official mints too.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Origin Of The Embrittlement In The Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This use could be related to economical reasons or for a particular trade requirement as already written by Tacitus. 19 Indeed, for producing the regular denarii, the Romans used silver alloys with variable amounts of copper (4.5-8.5 wt.%). These silver-copper alloys are undoubtedly characterized by better mechanical properties compared with those of unrefined silver obtained via cuppelation, which is intrinsically brittle, and allows a relevant amount of precious metal to be saved.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Origin Of The Embrittlement In The Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of surface analytical techniques for the microchemical study of archaeological artefacts

Ingo

Angelini

Bultrini

et al. 2002

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Since the 18th century many analytical methods have been used to identify the chemical composition of archaeological artefacts, the provenance of the raw materials and the technical aspects of the manufacturing process. These techniques generally probe the bulk chemical and structural features of the objects and overlook surface characteristics often essential for understanding the manufacturing techniques and the ageing processes. This work describes the contribution of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with bulk analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy + energy − dispersive spectrometry (SEM + EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) by discussing the origin of the embrittlement of some selected series of silver Republican Roman coins and the study of the microchemical nature of black and coral red glosses on Attic figured vases. The results show that XPS, if allowance is made for contamination or unrepresentative or non-homogeneous samples, complements the existing bulk analytical techniques and can provide detailed information about the surface chemical nature of the archaeological objects, as well as about their present state, and lead to recommendations for restoration and preservation.

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“…28 See also the remarks of Blitz (here in relation to Schönaich's Hermann-epic of 1751) in: Blitz (2000,(128)(129). 29 Tacitus (1999), 80 (7.2). See also Bruder (1973, 128-151) and Amstadt (1994, 81-84).…”

Section: Suffering Women and Fighting Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the relation between the bardic songs and the political intentions of the author, see: Zimmermann (1987, 250 ff). 36 Tacitus (1999), 80 (7.2): ''to their mothers and wives they take their wounds, and the women are not afraid to count and examine the blows; they bring to the warriors both food and exhortations.'' 37 Klopstock (1769, 12).…”

Section: Germanic Myths Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanic Myths and Gender Constructions in German and Dutch Theatre Texts 1660–1780

Haven

2010

Neophilologus

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Germanic liberation myths play an important role in the development of a national consciousness in both the Dutch Republic and the German countries. This article discusses a selection of German and Dutch theatre texts from the seventeenth and eighteenth century about the uprisings and battles of Germanic tribes against the Romans. In existing studies of the Hermannsschlacht-motif in German literature, some scholars conclude that in the course of the eighteenth century male protagonists (especially Arminius/Hermann) were occupying more and more space at the expense of the female characters. By analysing theatre texts on Germanic myths from a long-term international perspective, I will test the correctness of this hypothesis. In the critical reading of key works like Klopstock's bardic drama piece Hermanns Schlacht (1769), I will especially pay attention to the presupposed masculine power fantasies stemming from a more aggressive form of patriotism that was emerging after 1750. Did these fantasies, as they are represented in theatre texts on early national myths, indeed push off female protagonists from the domain of military and political power? What does it mean that these texts were written in a period in which enlightened visions on the fatherland made that the very notion of patriotic heroism was changing radically? How then should we determine the main field of power in these plays, given the fact that male and female characters could use different power instruments in their attempts to act like 'good patriots'?

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Clarendon Ancient History Series: Tacitus: Germania

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources

On the History of Cattle Genetic Resources

Contribution of surface analytical techniques for the microchemical study of archaeological artefacts

Germanic Myths and Gender Constructions in German and Dutch Theatre Texts 1660–1780

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