CLARA-A2: CM SAF cLoud, Albedo and surface RAdiation dataset from AVHRR data - Edition 2

High-resolution electricity generation model demonstrates suitability of high-altitude floating solar power

“…A sample of 82 high-altitude water bodies in the Swiss alps is examined – serving as a case study with applicable results for water bodies with similar geographic properties. Key datasets were sourced from the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Modeling (CMSAF) ( Karlsson et al., 2019 ; Pfeifroth et al., 2019 ), and the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) ( ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, 2019 ). To establish our sample of potential floating solar sites, Swiss water body data was sourced directly from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo (swisstopo) via their interactive map of official survey and geological datasets ( Swisstopo, 2019 ), whereas the associated Swiss hydropower plant data was retrieved from the yearly hydro statistics report published by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy ( https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/en/home/supply/statistics-and-geodata/energy-statistics.html ).…”

“…To establish our sample of potential floating solar sites, Swiss water body data was sourced directly from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo (swisstopo) via their interactive map of official survey and geological datasets ( Swisstopo, 2019 ), whereas the associated Swiss hydropower plant data was retrieved from the yearly hydro statistics report published by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy ( https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/en/home/supply/statistics-and-geodata/energy-statistics.html ). To calculate historic generation profiles, the solar position was computed via Pysolar – a python implementation of the Solar Position Algorithm ( Pysolar Development Team, 2019 ) – with the rest of our high-resolution climate data being provided by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CMSAF) ( Karlsson et al., 2019 ; Pfeifroth et al., 2019 ). To analyze the Swiss electricity supply/demand mismatch, high-resolution data on total Swiss electricity consumption and production was retrieved from Swissgrid , the Swiss transmission system operator ( Swissgrid, 2019 ).…”

“…The screened sites are then combined with meteorological data such as surface incoming shortwave irradiance (W/m 2 ) and surface incoming direct irradiance (W/m 2 ) at a 30-min resolution, surface albedo (%) at a 5-day resolution, and solar position (altitude, azimuth). All meteorological data comes from CMSAF ( Karlsson et al., 2019 ; Pfeifroth et al., 2019 ), but our implementation can utilize other data sources as long as the user inputs 30-min surface incoming shortwave and direct irradiance along with 5-day surface albedo data.…”

Coral Skeletal Luminescence Records Changes in Terrestrial Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in Tropical Coastal Waters

“…Despite seasonal changes in the DOC and CDOM concentrations, the relationship between DOC and CDOM across all the coastal waters and rivers sampled was very strong and showed no seasonality, demonstrating that CDOM is an effective proxy for tDOC in this region (Martin KAUSHAL ET AL. (Jones & Harris, 2008); monthly mean sea surface temperature: HadISST 1.1 109.0°-111.0°E and 1.0°-3.0°N (Rayner et al, 2003); rainfall amount: GPCC 109.5°-110°E and 1.5°-2.0°N; percentage cloud cover: CLARA-A2 109.5°-110°E and 1.75°-2.25°N (Karlsson et al, 2017). Data obtained from KNMI Explorer.…”

“…(b) Monthly mean and standard deviation for temperature, rainfall, and percentage cloud cover for 1990-2014. Data sources: monthly mean air temperature: CRU TS4.04 109.5°-110.5°E and 1.5°-2.5°N(Jones & Harris, 2008); monthly mean sea surface temperature: HadISST 1.1 109.0°-111.0°E and 1.0°-3.0°N(Rayner et al, 2003); rainfall amount: GPCC 109.5°-110°E and 1.5°-2.0°N; percentage cloud cover: CLARA-A2 109.5°-110°E and 1.75°-2.25°N(Karlsson et al, 2017). Data obtained from KNMI Explorer.…”