Claire Jean Kim's racial triangulation at 20: rethinking Black-Asian solidarity and political science

Chen, Sonya G.; Hosam, Christian

doi:10.1080/21565503.2022.2044870

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Xenophobia also interacts with racism; Asian Americans are viewed as “perpetual foreigners,” even though many Asians have been in the US for generations ( 10 ). This also aligns with racial triangulation theory, which posits that racial groups are not only deemed inferior or superior, but also as outsiders or insiders ( 10 , 26 , 27 ). Asian Americans, in particular, are seen as outsiders to US society ( 10 , 26 , 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fan

Hara-Hubbard²,

Barrington³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionRacism is a root cause of ill health for communities of color, and hate incidents are one manifestation of racism. Marginalized racial and ethnic groups, including but not limited to Asian Americans, have been the target of highly publicized violence, hate, and discrimination which has been amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesThis paper investigates (1) the prevalence of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups, and (2) the relationship between race and ethnicity and hate incidents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also seek to (3) situate study findings within theories of racism.MethodsThis study utilizes national data from the Understanding America Study (UAS) COVID-19 Longitudinal Survey from June 10, 2020 to March 30, 2021 (n = 8,436). Hate incidents in six categories were examined: being treated with less courtesy, receiving poorer service, others acting as if they were not smart, others acting as if they were afraid of them, being threatened or harassed, and experiencing any of the previous categories of hate incidents. Main analyses were conducted via population averaged logistic panel regression.ResultsThe majority of members of all six marginalized racial and ethnic groups reported at least one hate incident during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, all marginalized racial or ethnic groups had statistically significant higher odds of experiencing at least two categories of hate incidents compared to white individuals. Asian, AI/AN, Black, and Multiracial groups had significantly higher odds of experiencing each category of hate incident. All marginalized racial and ethnic groups had significantly higher odds of receiving poorer service and others acting as if they were afraid of them.ConclusionAll marginalized racial and ethnic groups experienced significant levels of hate incidents within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The public health community must continue to research, monitor, treat, and prevent hate incidents as a public health issue while recognizing the social and historical contexts of structural and interpersonal racism in the US.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…This also aligns with racial triangulation theory, which posits that racial groups are not only deemed inferior or superior, but also as outsiders or insiders ( 10 , 26 , 27 ). Asian Americans, in particular, are seen as outsiders to US society ( 10 , 26 , 27 ). Finally, racial capitalism plays a role.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fan

Hara-Hubbard²,

Barrington³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Relatedly, triangulation dynamics may also affect White individuals’ views on their own status: Given their dominant position atop both racial hierarchical dimensions, some White observers in this study may have anticipated greater allyship among members of minority groups—in other words, expecting greater Asian-Black unification in the fight for racial equality. As unrealistic and unfair as they are, expectations are often set in which “Black people are framed as the necessary caretakers of racial minorities beyond themselves” (Chen & Hosam, 2022, p. 456). Keeping this in mind, it becomes clear how some observers could judge anti-Asian hate tweets from a Black source as a much greater violation of expectancies than that same tweet from a (prototypical) White source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

Tong

DeAndrea

2023

Social Media + Society

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The rise of racial hate speech on social media has raised critical questions for scholars to explore. It is necessary to understand how outside observers passively evaluate (a) online racial hate speech posts on social media and (b) whether those evaluations are related to observers’ subsequent behavior. This study explored how observers evaluate acts of majority-on-minority and minority-on-minority anti-Asian hate tweets on Twitter. In an experiment ( n = 196) informed by expectancy violations theory, we tested how White observers evaluated anti-Asian tweets ostensibly posted by either a White or Black source. Analysis revealed a moderated-mediation pathway in which observers’ political partisanship (Democrat/Republican) affected how they judged the ethnic prototypicality of White and Black sources of racial hate speech; these source prototypicality judgments were in turn associated with observers’ judgments of tweet offensiveness and self-reported intentions to engage in online activism (i.e., signing an online petition). These results contribute to our understanding of outside observers’ differential expectancies regarding online hate speech, and how those expectancies can affect perceptions of and reactions to acts of racism.

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Asian Americans and the Politics of the Twenty-First Century

Wong

Ramakrishnan

2023

Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci.

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We begin our review with research related to the racial formation and racial position of Asian Americans. How we define this fast-growing group and how it is situated in the broader racial landscape are critical to understanding its politics. We then turn to research on the history of Asian American civic engagement. These two research areas provide important context for the rest of the review, which covers three additional themes: ( a) political participation; ( b) partisanship, vote choice, and issue orientations; and ( c) political representation. The last section returns to the theme of racial position, including its role in contemporary Asian American activism and its centrality to future research in the field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 26 is June 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Claire Jean Kim's racial triangulation at 20: rethinking Black-Asian solidarity and political science

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

The experience of hate incidents across racial and ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Effects of Observer Expectations on Judgments of Anti-Asian Hate Tweets and Online Activism Response

Asian Americans and the Politics of the Twenty-First Century

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