Cladophialophora bantiana as an Emerging Pathogen in Animals: Case Report of Equine Endometritis and Review of the Literature

Rantala, Merja; Attia, Stella; Koukila-Kähkölä, Pirkko; Hoog, Sybren de; Anttila, Marjukka; Katila, Terttu

doi:10.1128/jcm.00728-15

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…No presente estudo a rinosporidiose teve maior chance de ocorrer em equinos machos e nas estações de clima quente (p<0,05). Dentro das infecções com registros de ocorrência raras, estão as micoses uterinas, sabidamente sua ocorrência depende muito das características individuais e de manejo das éguas (Rantala et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Epidemiologia de micoses, pitiose e micotoxicoses em equinos no sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2018

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The epidemiological aspects of diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes in horses in southeastern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described. The epidemiological rates, their causes, and health importance in the region were established. A descriptive epidemiology study was carried out in relation of potential risk factors. The impact on these diseases in the region was measured. From 1978 to 2014, pythiosis had a prevalence of 49.71% (86/173), and mycotoxicoses of 30.05% (52/173), with 45 cases of leukoencephalomalacia and 7 of ergotism. The prevalence of fungal infections was 19.65% (34/173) of cases. Dermatophytosis was the most prevalent fungal infection with 58.82% (20/34) of cases. The most isolated dermatophyte species were Trichophyton mentagrophytes 60% (12/20), Trichophyton equinum 25% (5/20) and Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton verrucosum, both responsible for 5% (1/20) of infections. Rhinosporidose was diagnosed in 35.29% (12/34) of cases. Uterine mycosis caused by Candida albicans and Cryptococcus laurentii was observed at 5.88% (2/34) of cases. Cladosporium sp. allergy was noted in one record. According to the incidence from 1990 to 2014, pythiosis had median incidence (MI) of 2.98 and interquartile range (DI) of 3.82. Mares were 4.18 times likely to develop the disease then males. The disease occurs in the region in every season. Leukoencephalomalacia had MI of 0.0; DI 1.00 and male horses were 3.4 times more likely than mares to develop the disease. Leukoencephalomalacia was 6 times more likely to occur during winter. Ergotism had MI of 0.00; DI of 0.000, rhinosporidiosis MI of 0.00, DI of 0.088 and ringworm MI of 0.00, and DI of 0.935. In the study pythiosis had the highest prevalence among the diseases observed, and may be considered endemic in the region. The magnitude of the diseases observed may be even greater within the equine herd, since these diseases are not of obligatory notification and some are well known by veterinarians and owners, who often do not obtain a laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Epidemiologia de micoses, pitiose e micotoxicoses em equinos no sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, Cladophialophora bantiana has been isolated in a 15-year-old Standard bred mare that displayed infertility and uterine fluid accumulation with numerous black, hairy granules. C. bantiana is an emerging pathogen, causing cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in humans, while animal cases are rare [138]. The inflammatory mechanisms associated with these types of endometritis have not been clarified until now, and probably endometritis involving fungus or yeast will be feared as long as the inflammatory mechanisms associated will not be studied [134].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal elements that cause reproductive disease are generally opportunistic and their growth is considered to be secondary to underlying factors impairing the local humoral and, particularly, cell-mediated immunity. Mares with uterine fungal infections may have predisposing conditions such as: anatomical defects, i. e. , an incompetent vulvar seal from multiple Caslick's procedure or trauma, or a tilted vulvar conformation; cervical trauma and inadequate closure of the cervix due to dystocia or fetotomy; immunosuppression; malnutrition; endocrine diseases; a history of antibiotic treatment; veterinary manipulations due to frequent artificial inseminations and intrauterine treatments [132,[137][138][139]. Even if fungal endometritis has been reported also in mares without the history of previous uterine therapies, this pathology has been more often documented in older multiparous mares, treated for bacterial endometritis in the past [136].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Pasolini¹,

Prete²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2016

Genital Infections and Infertility

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Most major infertility problems are complex and several factors can cause failure to produce offspring. In the last few years, much of the efforts of practitioners and researchers working in equine breeding industry have been directed to individuate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying poor reproductive performances in mares. Endometritis is on the talk in much of the recent research as the most frequent cause of subfertility in mares that cycle normally but do not conceive and in mares that cycle normally and conceive but then suffer early embryonic death. Post-breeding persistent endometritis, bacterial and other infective endometritis and poor uterine clearance have all been discussed in an attempt to define risk factors and a diagnostic algorithm. The aim of this chapter is to perform a thorough review of recent literature about endometritis. The diagnostic algorithms are carefully examined, highlighting pros as well as pitfalls of each diagnostic aid. Suggested therapeutic protocols are examined in the effort to detect what is actually recommended and what would better benefit from further corroboration. The idea that a better etiopathogenetical understanding of the endometritis remains the key to access to a correct diagnostic protocol and to a successful therapeutic plan will inspire this chapter.

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“…C. bantiana is a member of the order Chaetothyriales, which is often referred to as "black yeast-like fungi" due to the ability of some representatives to produce budding cells as well as dark hyphae, depending on the life cycle and environmental conditions [4]. It is the most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by the dematiaceous pigmented fungi [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Treatment of Cerebral Pheohyphomycosis Caused by Cladophialophora bantiana Infection in a Solid Organ Transplant Patient: A Case Report and a Review of Literature

Yacoub¹,

Robinson²,

Onuorah³

et al. 2017

J Med Cases

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We present a case of a 60-year-old male with a past medical history of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency with lung transplantation in 2010, who was maintained on immunosuppressive agents, and was admitted to the hospital for neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a ring-enhancing lesion. Microscopic evaluation of the abscess revealed fungus, and cultures grew Cladophialophora bantiana (C. bantiana). He was successfully treated with surgical abscess excision, liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole.

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Cladophialophora bantiana as an Emerging Pathogen in Animals: Case Report of Equine Endometritis and Review of the Literature

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Epidemiologia de micoses, pitiose e micotoxicoses em equinos no sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Epidemiologia de micoses, pitiose e micotoxicoses em equinos no sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Endometritis and Infertility in the Mare – The Challenge in Equine Breeding Industry–A Review

Successful Treatment of Cerebral Pheohyphomycosis Caused by Cladophialophora bantiana Infection in a Solid Organ Transplant Patient: A Case Report and a Review of Literature

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