Cladistical Analysis of G-Banded Chromosomes of Nectar Feeding Bats (Glossophaginae: Phyllostomidae)

Abstract

) 1982. Cladistical analysis of G-banded chromosomes i n nectar feeding bats (Glossophaginae: Phyllostomidae). Syst. Zool.,.-Differentially stained chromosomes, when analyzed in a cladistic framework, provide a systematic hypothesis for ten glossophagine genera. Two separate groups are recognized on the basis of chromosomal data; a chromosomally conservative or plesiomorphic group consisting of Glossophaga, Monophyllus, Leptonycteris, and the brachyphyllines, and a relatively rapidly evolving derived group consisting o f d n o u r a , Lonchophylla, Lionycteris, Choeroniscus, Choeronycteris, Hylonycteris, and Musonycteris. Among the six genera characterized as slowly evolving, only a single rearrangement has been identified, whereas, among the seven genera characierized as rapidly evolving over 100 chromosomal rearrangements are required to explain the observed variation. Such a contrast in rate and type of chromosomal evolution is difficult to explain in terms of most currently accepted theories,,of chromosomal evolution and the pattern of change is most like "karyotypic megaevolution. Within the derived group, cladistic relationships are resolved to the generic level. Variation in the magnitude of evolution at the morphological and chromosomal levels is such that chromosomal data are useful for the resolution of relationships among genera, whereas, morphological data are more informative at the subfamilial level. A combination of the two data sets is compatible with the hypothesis that the Glossophaginae is monophyletic and provides a better understanding of the nature of evolution within this subfamily.

Phylogeny of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, and Restriction Sites

“…B. Haiduk and Baker's (1982;redrawn from fig. 8) tree depicting relationships among nectar-feeding phyllostomids based on G-banded chromosome morphology.…”

“…8) tree depicting relationships among nectar-feeding phyllostomids based on G-banded chromosome morphology. C. Haiduk and Baker's (1982;redrawn from fig. 9) reanalysis of Griffiths' (1982) original data, without consideration of char-← acter weights employed by Griffiths (1982) or karyological and dental data.…”

“…However, this consensus view has not been reflected in classifications because there is little agreement about how Phyllostominae should be subdivided. Considerable attention has been focused on the monophyly and relationships of the nectar-feeding subfamilies (e.g., Baker and Lopez, 1970;Forman, 1971;Phillips, 1971;Smith, 1976;Wilder, 1976;Gardner, 1977a;Baker et al, 1981a;Griffiths, 1982;Haiduk and Baker, 1982;Warner, 1983;Smith and Hood, 1984;Honeycutt and Sarich, 1987a;and Baker et al, 1989). Monophyly of several phyllostomid genera, including Micronycteris, Mimon, Phyllostomus (sensu Baker et al, 1988a) Artibeus, and Vampyressa, has also been questioned (Anderson, 1906;Miller, 1907;Straney et al, 1979;Honeycutt, 1981;Straney 1980;Koop and Baker, 1983;Owen, 1987Owen, , 1991Baker et al, 1988a;Van Den Bussche, 1992;Simmons, 1996;Jassal and Simmons, 1996).…”

Chromosomal Studies and Evolutionary Relationships of an Endangered Species, Reithrodontomys raviventris

“…In this example, data on differentially-stained chromosomes have provided a magnitude of information that could not have been afforded by standard karyotypic preparations. Banding studies of pteropodid and phyllostomid bats (Patton and Baker, 1978;Baker and Bickham, 1980;Haiduk et al, 1981;Haiduk and Baker, 1982) and oryzomyine rodents (Baker et al, 1983) are additional examples that suggest caution in interpreting chromosomal evolution based on standard chromosomal morphology.…”

Choeroniscus Minor (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

“…In Choeroniscus minor the diploid number (2n) is 20 (based on 1 male and 1 female from Suriname- Haiduk and Baker 1982). The karyotype includes 2 biarmed chromosome pairs (numbers 1 and 9), 7 subtelocentric pairs (numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8), and a pair of submetacentric Xchromosomes.…”