Cladding of WC–12 Co on low carbon steel using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Paul, C. P.; Alemohammad, Seyed Hamed; Toyserkani, Ehsan; Khajepour, Amir; Corbin, Stephen F.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.132

Cited by 188 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moreover, laser cladding technique may be used to produce coatings for different applications with a wide range of possible cladding materials. 3 Metal matrix composites are probably the most studied and the most interesting group of coating materials in laser cladding. Combinations of metal matrix and reinforcements are extremely wide, and among all the possible combinations, cobalt based alloy and tungsten carbides is an important one in order to produce wear resistant coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combinations of metal matrix and reinforcements are extremely wide, and among all the possible combinations, cobalt based alloy and tungsten carbides is an important one in order to produce wear resistant coatings. [2][3][4][5][6] Stellites are well-known hardfacing alloys 5,7 widely used in laser cladding because of their excellent overall properties. [8][9][10] Tungsten carbides, with their high hardness, high density, certain amount of plasticity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and good wettability from molten metals, are one of the most employed reinforcement for coatings requiring wear resistance, hot hardness, and thermal shock resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of carbide dissolution into the matrix during laser cladding of carbon steel plate with tungsten carbides-stellite powders

Zanzarin

Bengtsson

Molinari

2015

Journal of Laser Applications

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High power diode laser with coaxial powder injection was used to deposit single tracks of cobalt alloys with tungsten carbides on to a carbon steel plate in order to study carbide dissolution in the metallic matrix. Two kinds of cobalt alloy powders (Stellite 12 and Stellite 21) having different content of tungsten and carbon were used. Processing parameters were changed to obtain different cladding conditions, and effect of substrate preheating was evaluated too. Carbides dissolution, measured with image analysis and EDXS analysis, increases with the increase in the laser power. A low carbon and the absence of tungsten in the matrix powder promote carbides dissolution. Substrate preheating also leads to a higher dissolution. Matrix microhardness of the Stellite 21 increases with the increase in carbides dissolution, while matrix microhardness of the Stellite 12 does not change. Hardness of the coatings is slightly influenced by the dissolution phenomena.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of carbide dissolution into the matrix during laser cladding of carbon steel plate with tungsten carbides-stellite powders

Zanzarin

Bengtsson

Molinari

2015

Journal of Laser Applications

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“…Reports have been published on the deposition processes with the laser operating in continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave modes [11][12][13][14][15][16], but there have been very few on comparison between the two. In two such works by Sun et al [17,18], the comparison between pulsed and continuous wave laser deposition mainly focused on fixed EFFECTS OF MELT POOL VARIABLES 1373 powder mass flow rates and average laser power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Melt Pool Variables and Process Parameters in Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Aerospace Alloys

Shah

Pinkerton

Ahmad

et al. 2010

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

102

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Despite considerable advances in of laser direct metal deposition (LDMD) process optimization, there is rather limited work reported on the effects of melt pool variables on the final deposit characteristics. This article considers the effects of process parameters and melt pool characteristics on the deposition of Inconel 718 powder on a Ti-6Al-4V thin wall. A 1.5 kW diode laser and LDMD system is used to produce a series of deposits. Images of the process are captured using Cu-vapor laser illumination and a high speed camera with long range microscopy optics, and quantitative results are extracted via image analysis. Process parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, powder mass flow rate and laser operating mode (CW and pulsed) and in process variables such as quantified melt pool disturbance, and final part characteristics are correlated and discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to analyze deposited clads in terms of elemental composition and flow characteristics in the deposition melt pool. Melt pool disturbance is found to be a vital parameter in determining the surface roughness of the final part. An inverse relation between the mean surface disturbance of the melt pool and the surface roughness of the part is observed, and carrier gas flow rate and powder mass flow rate both affect the overall melt pool size. The work has implications for the selection of process parameters for commercial laser deposition processes-the speed with which powder is delivered to the melt pool as well as the mass flow rate may need to be taken into account when calculating build rate and for a good surface finish requiring minimum post process finishing a stable melt pool may actually be the worst situation.

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“…However, stainless steel bar cannot be widely used due to its high price. Therefore, using various ways to fabricate stainless steel/carbon steel cladding material or other cladding materials come into being [6,7]. Stainless steel/carbon steel cladding bar, which is made up of corrosion resistant stainless steel outer layer and carbon steel core, is a new material used in construction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process and property of hot-rolled stainless steel/carbon steel cladding bar

Jia¹

2016

Funct.Mater.

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To study the process and property of hot-rolled stainless steel/carbon steel cladding bar, a rational pass system is designed for rolling and the bonding strength between the stainless steel cladding and carbon steel core was investigated by using shearing test and bending test. Then, the bonding interface, element diffusion and shearing fracture surface were analyzed by applying optical microscope, EDS and SEM. The results show that the thickness distribution of stainless steel shell is homogeneous; the metallurgical bonding between the two metals is formed after the third pass rolling and the shearing strength of the interface is more than 307 MPa. At the same time, the bending property of the bar displays well. The interface region is clearly divided into stainless steel zone, transition zone and carbon steel zone. Element diffusion occurs at the interface that the Fe of carbon steel diffuses into stainless steel and the Cr, Ni, Mn of stainless steel diffuse into carbon steel. It makes the formation of the transition zone with 20 μm in width in carbon steel and the total width of diffusion zone is 30 μm. Shearing strength of the interface after the sixth pass rolling is higher than the carbon steel substrate and the shearing fracture occurs in the carbon steel.Keywords: cladding bar; stainless steel; rolling; pass design; element diffusionРазработана рациональная система для прокатки, исследована прочность сцепления между облицовкой из нержавеющей стали и ядром из углеродистой стали путем испытаний на сдвиг и изгиб. Проанализированы поверхность сцепления, диффузия элементов и поверхность разрыва при сдвиге с применением оптической микроскопии, ЭДС и СЭМ. Результаты показывают, что распределение толщины оболочки из нержавеющей стали является однородным. Сцепление между этими двумя материалами формируется после третьего прохода прокатки, а прочность сцепления межслоевой границы составляет более 307 МПа. Изгибные свойства бруска оказываются хорошими. Область сцепления четко разделяется на зону нержавеющей стали и зону углеродистой стали. Диффузия элементов возникает на границе, причем Fe из углеродистой стали диффундирует в нержавеющую сталь, а Cr, Ni, Mn из нержавеющей стали диффундирует в углеродистую сталь. Это приводит к формированию переходной зоны шириной 20 мкм в углеродистой стали, ширина диффузионной зоны составляет 30 мкм. Прочность на сдвиг межслоевой границы после шести проходов прокатки становится выше, чем для подложки из углеродистой стали, разрушение сдвига возникает в углеродистой стали. Отримання і властивості облицювальних стрижнів, отриманих гарячим плющенням неіржавіючої сталі на вуглецевій сталі. Джининг Яіа, Янан ГаоРозроблена раціональна система для плющення, досліджена міцність зчеплення між облицюванням з неіржавіючої сталі і ядром з вуглецевої сталі шляхом випробувань на зрушення і вигин. Проаналізовані поверхня зчеплення, дифузія елементів і поверхня розриву при зрушенні із застосуванням оптичної мікроскопії, ЭДС і СЕМ. Результати показують, що розподіл товщини оболонки з неіржавіючої...

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Cladding of WC–12 Co on low carbon steel using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser

Cited by 188 publications

References 12 publications

Study of carbide dissolution into the matrix during laser cladding of carbon steel plate with tungsten carbides-stellite powders

Study of carbide dissolution into the matrix during laser cladding of carbon steel plate with tungsten carbides-stellite powders

Effects of Melt Pool Variables and Process Parameters in Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Aerospace Alloys

Process and property of hot-rolled stainless steel/carbon steel cladding bar

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