CKS2 and S100A12: Two Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systematicness autoimmunity disease with joint inflammation. RA etiology is still unknown. Early and exact diagnosing is still hard to reach. In the paper, we purposed to discover novel diagnosis biological marker for RA. Two open, usable gene expression profiles of human RA as well as controlled specimens (dataset GSE17755 as well as GSE93272) were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between 331 RA and 88 control samples. Functional enrichment analysis was applied to explore the possible function of DEGs. Expression levels as well as diagnosis values of biological marker in RA were further verified in our cohort by the use of RT-PCR and ROC assays. We identified 13 DEGs between RA samples and control samples. 13 DEGs were remarkably abundant in NF-kappa B signal pathway. Among the 13 DEGs, CKS2, S100A12, LY96, and ANXA3 exhibited a strong diagnostic ability in screening RA specimens from normal specimens using all AUC > 0.8 . Moreover, we confirmed that the expression of CKS2 and S100A12 was distinctly upregulated in RA specimens contrasted to normal specimens. Overall, serum CKS2 and S100A12 could be used as novel diagnosis biological markers for RA patients.

FABP4 and S100A12, a notable link between inflammatory mediators and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis

“…S100A12 induces the production of in ammatory cytokines and recruits immune cells to the site of in ammation. As a result, the concentration of this protein in the serum and synovial uid of RA patients increases and is used to monitor the disease [27][28][29][30][31]. Also, the RAGE receptor is located on the heart and blood vessels, and S10012, by binding to it, causes the production of in ammatory cytokines and the ltering of macrophages to the vessel wall, which eventually leads to cardiovascular disorders [30,31].…”

Global trends and hotspots in Cyclin-dependent Kinase Subunit 2 research from 1999 to 2022: A bibliometric and visualized analysis

“…[4,5] What more,CKS2 is not only abnormally expressed in tumors, but also regulates genesis and growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of tumors, such as thyroid papillary cancer, [6] hepatocellular carcinoma, [7] cholangiocarcinoma, [8] esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, [5] breast cancer. [9] CKS2 is also expressed at high levels in numerous inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, [10,11] spinal cord injury. [12] So far, various CKS2 researches have been carried out, but the specific function and potential mechanisms still largely unclear.…”

“…CKS2 is also expressed at high levels in numerous inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, [ 10 , 11 ] spinal cord injury. [ 12 ] So far, various CKS2 researches have been carried out, but the specific function and potential mechanisms still largely unclear.…”

Retracted: CKS2 and S100A12: Two Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”