Civilian pepper spray for self defense: Understanding user perception and impact of design on user performance

Strybel, David; Kumar, Anil R.

doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2020.103059

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Their study focused on sexual harassment found that knowledge and understanding regarding the violence is a contributing factor relating to the use of self-defense tools. Strybel and Kumar [ 14 ] considered pepper spray for civilian use as self-defense tool. Their study focused on the actual use of the tool such as response time, physical use, and ability to use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To which, both these theories have been considered and integrated to completely assess the behavioral aspects of stress and coping for safety reasons [ 18 , 19 ]. Though several literatures have extended the TPB in different context, the analysis of safety from self-defense tools have mostly covered interviews and multi-sectional design [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antecedents of behavioral intentions for purchasing safety tools among women

Ong,

Arceno,

Padagdag

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antecedents of behavioral intentions for purchasing safety tools among women

Ong,

Arceno,

Padagdag

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…The study showed that when women use a gun, knife, or other weapons, there was a 91% decrease in the odds of the rape being completed, while there was an 85% decrease when women used other physical resistance strategies. In addition, Strybel and Kumar [16] also presented how most individuals had not been trained to use pepper spray to defend themselves effectively. Hence, they concluded that self-defense training was necessary to meet the needs of women with particular beliefs and a history of abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Factors Affecting Purchase of Self-Defense Tools among Women: A Machine Learning Ensemble Approach

et al. 2023

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Street crime is one of the world’s top concerns and a surge in cases has alarmed people, particularly women. Related studies and recent news have provided proof that women are the target for crimes and violence at home, outdoors, and even in the workplace. To guarantee protection, self-defense tools have been developed and sales are on the rise in the market. The current study aimed to determine factors influencing women’s intention to purchase self-defense tools by utilizing the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The study applied multiple data analyses, Machine Learning Algorithms (MLAs): Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), and Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN), to predict purchasing and consumer behavior. A total of 553 Filipino female respondents voluntarily completed a 46-item questionnaire which was distributed online, yielding 22,120 data points. The MLAs output showed that attitude, perceived risk, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were the most significant factors influencing women’s intention to purchase self-defense tools. Environment, hazardous surroundings, relatives and peers, and thinking and control, all influenced the women’s intention to buy self-defense tools. The RFC and DLNN analyses proved effective, resulting in 96% and 97.70% accuracy rates, respectively. Finally, the MLA analysis in this research can be expanded and applied to predict and assess factors affecting human behavior in the context of safety.

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