Civil society demand for accountability to achieve the 90-90-90 targets

Russell, Asia; Luba, Maureen; Mwehonge, Kenneth; Lusimbo, Richard; Milanga, Maureen; Kavanagh, Matthew M.

doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000516

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We also identified an additional counterstrategy: venue-shifting which not only – as in the example included in this review [ 86 ] – refers to shifting between levels of government but can also involve shifting within institutions or between policy terrains [ 88 ]. In the tobacco control literature, venue-shifting has often been associated with industry efforts [ 89 – 91 ], but studies in other areas, including women’s rights [ 92 ], HIV [ 93 ] and forestry [ 93 , 94 ], illustrate venue-shifting as an advocacy strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature

et al. 2023

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Background There has been remarkable tobacco control progress in many places around the globe. Tobacco industry interference (TII) has been identified as the most significant barrier to further implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Civil society has been recognised as a key actor in countering TII. While TII has been extensively studied for several decades now, there is little research that focuses on counteractions to limit it and their effectiveness to do so. This scoping review seeks to map the peer-reviewed literature on civil society’s activities of countering TII in policymaking to identify common counterstrategies and assess their effectiveness. Methods Data sources: We searched Embase, IBSS, JSTOR, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science using the following terms: (“Tobacco industry” OR “Tobacco compan*”) AND. (“corporate political activity” OR “CPA” OR “lobbying” OR “interference”) AND (“advoca*” OR “counter*” OR “activi*”), without time or language restrictions. Study selection: Our selection criteria included peer-reviewed studies that were written in English, German, or Spanish that drew on primary data and/or legal and policy documents and reported at least one specific example of civil society members or organisations countering tobacco industry action-based strategies. Data extraction: Advocates’ counterstrategies were analysed inductively and countered industry strategies were analysed using the Policy Dystopia Model (PDM). Perceptions of effectiveness of countering attempts were analysed descriptively. Results We found five common counterstrategies among 30 included papers covering five WHO regions; 1. Exposing industry conduct and false claims; 2. Accessing decision-makers; 3. Generating and using evidence; 4. Filing a complaint or taking legal action; 5. Mobilising coalition and potential supporters. These counterstrategies were used to work against a wide range of industry strategies, which are captured by five action-based strategies described in the PDM (Coalition Management, Information Management, Direct Access and Influence, Litigation, Reputation Management). While some studies reported the outcome of the countering activities, their impact remained largely underexplored. Conclusion The review shows that peer-reviewed literature documenting how civil society actors counter TII is scarce. It suggests that advocates employ a range of strategies to counter TII in its different forms and use them flexibly. More work is needed to better understand the effects of their actions. This could stimulate discussions about, and facilitate learning from, past experiences and help to further enhance advocates’ capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature

et al. 2023

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“…Advocates often push for both increased targets and budgets throughout the planning process [23,24], but this analysis suggests they should be wary of increased KP targets being assigned to partners who do not focus on KPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current allocations and target apportionment for HIV testing and treatment services for marginalized populations: characterizing PEPFAR investment and strategy

et al. 2021

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Introduction The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is a large bilateral funder of the global HIV response whose policy decisions on key populations (KPs) programming determine the shape of the key populations’ response in many countries. Understanding the size and relative share of PEPFAR funds going to KPs and the connection between PEPFAR’s targets and resulting programming is crucial for successfully serving key populations. Methods Publicly available PEPFAR budgets for key populations’ services were assessed by country and geographical region for all 52 countries with budget data in fiscal year (FY) 2020. For the 23 countries which completed a full planning process in FY 2018 and 2019, PEPFAR targets for HIV testing and treatment initiation for key populations were assessed. Expenditures for KP programming were calculated to determine whether shifts in targets translated into programming. Implementing partners were characterized by the level of specialization using the share of assigned targets made up by KPs. The average target per year and implementing partner was calculated for each KP group and indicator. Results PEPFAR country KP budgets ranged from US$35,000 to $15.2 million, and the proportion of funding to key populations varied by region, with Eastern and Southern African countries having the lowest proportion. Between FY 2018 and 2019, the KP targets for HIV testing and treatment among KPs increased, whereas expenditures on key populations decreased from US$115.4 to $111.0 million. Of the 11 countries with an increase in HIV testing targets, seven had a decrease in KP expenditures. Of the nine countries with an increase in treatment initiation targets, five had a decrease in KP expenditures. The proportion of targets assigned to partners which do not specialize in key populations increased from FY 2018 to 2019. Conclusions Current key population policies have not resulted in a tight connection between targets and expenditures. This includes assigning a large proportion of key populations programming to partners who do not specialize in key populations, which may weaken the performance management role of the targets. These results signal that a new approach to key populations programming is needed.

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“…37 Policy, however, often changes only after concerted and strategic advocacy. 38 Differentiated service delivery has often been adopted at the behest of people living with HIV; PrEP polices have changed when young women or gay men have demanded access. Engagement of activists and public health leaders is a necessary ingredient for these data to have impact.…”

Section: Translating Policy Data Into Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response

et al. 2020

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Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visualisation. Cross-national indicators can be critical tools in international governance—building social power to monitor state behaviour with the potential to change policy and improve domestic accountability. This new and evolving effort collects data about policy through review of legal documents, official government reports and systematic review of secondary sources. Alignment between national policy environments and global norms is demonstrated through comparison with international public health guidance and agreements. We demonstrate substantial variation in the content of law and policies between countries, regions and policy areas. Given progress in basic and implementation science, it would be tempting to believe most countries have adopted policies aligned with global norms, with a few outliers. Data show this is not the case. Globally, alignment is higher on clinical and treatment policies than on prevention, testing and structural policies. Policy-makers, researchers, civil society, finance agencies and others can use these data to better understand the policy environment within and across countries and support reform. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of the impact of laws and policies on HIV outcomes and research about the political drivers of policy choice.

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Civil society demand for accountability to achieve the 90-90-90 targets

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature

Advocacy counterstrategies to tobacco industry interference in policymaking: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature

Current allocations and target apportionment for HIV testing and treatment services for marginalized populations: characterizing PEPFAR investment and strategy

Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response

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