Civil protection preparedness and response to the 2007 eruptive crisis of Stromboli volcano, Italy

Bertolaso, G.; Bernardinis, B. De; Bosi, Vittorio; Cardaci, C.; Ciolli, Stefano; Colozza, R.; Cristiani, Chiara; Mangione, D.; Ricciardi, Antonio; Rosi, Mauro; Scalzo, A.; Soddu, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.022

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Risk management strategies and mitigation systems are key to protecting life and infrastructure from ballistic hazards (Leonard et al 2008;Bertolaso et al 2009;Bird et al 2010;Jolly et al 2014b). Table 1 lists some of the strategies and tools used at volcanoes around the world.…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alert bulletins, existing hazard maps and risk and hazard assessments provide emergency managers with information to make decisions on limiting access to parts of the volcano. In the case of ballistics, limits or restrictions on access or development are usually achieved via creation of an exclusion zone, typically 1-4 km in radius (Kagoshima City 2010;Jolly et al 2014b), or by reducing exposure by limiting the time spent or number of individuals allowed within a zone (Bertolaso et al 2009). …”

Section: Volcanic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objectives of such meetings are to update communities on the evolving eruptive hazards, build relationships and trust, reduce any miscommunication or misinformation passed along, and to make sure the information being presented is what the end-members need Bertolaso et al 2009). …”

Section: Volcanic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Fitzgerald

Kennedy

Wilson

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Tourists, hikers, mountaineers, locals and volcanologists frequently visit and reside on and around active volcanoes, where ballistic projectiles are a lethal hazard. The projectiles of lava or solid rock, ranging from a few centimetres to several metres in diameter, are erupted with high kinetic, and sometimes thermal, energy. Impacts from projectiles are amongst the most frequent causes of fatal volcanic incidents and the cause of hundreds of thousands of dollars of damage to buildings, infrastructure and property worldwide. Despite this, the assessment of risk and communication of ballistic hazard has received surprisingly little study. Here, we review the research to date on ballistic distributions, impacts, hazard and risk assessments and maps, and methods of communicating and managing ballistic risk including how these change with a changing risk environment. The review suggests future improvements to the communication and management of ballistic hazard.

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Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanic Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Fitzgerald

Kennedy

Wilson

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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“…The raw data and their analysis are provided by a network of scientific and technical institutions (called centers of competence) that support the risk management and decisional processes (Bertolaso et al 2009). …”

Section: National and Regional Civil Protection Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall thresholds for the forecasting of landslide occurrence at regional scale

et al. 2011

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This paper concerns a regional scale warning system for landslides that relies on a decisional algorithm based on the comparison between rainfall recordings and statistically defined thresholds. The latter were based on the total amount of rainfall, which was cumulated considering different time intervals: 1-, 2-and 3-day cumulates took into account the critical rainfall influencing shallow movements, whilst a variable time interval cumulate (up to 240 days) was used to consider the triggering of deep-seated landslides in low permeability terrains. A prototypal version of the model was initially set up to define statistical thresholds. Then, thresholds were calibrated using a database of past georegistered and dated landslides. A validation procedure showed that the calibration highly improves the results and therefore the model was integrated in the regional warning system of Emilia Romagna (Italy) for civil protection purposes. The proposed methodology could be easily implemented in other similar regions and countries where a sufficiently organised meteorological network is present.Keywords Landslide . Optimization . Rainfall . Threshold Introduction In Italy, landsliding is a recurrent phenomenon responsible for casualties, destruction of assets and infrastructures and major economical loss (Guzzetti 2000). Since rainfall represents the most common triggering factor, many Italian civil protection agencies are setting up warning systems based on the interaction between rainfall and landslides. These agencies are responsible for large territories (e.g. regions or large subdivisions such as provinces), therefore they cannot rely on physically based approaches because of the difficulty of defining the exact spatial and temporal variation of the many involved factors (rainfall variation in space and in time, effect of vegetation, mechanic and hydraulic properties of both bedrock and soil layer). As a consequence, physically based approaches can effectively be applied only over small sites (Segoni et al. 2009), while at regional scale the most diffused methodology is the use of black box models based on empirical or statistical rainfall thresholds. The term 'black box' refers to a methodology in which the complex physical processes involved in landslide initiation are ignored (because too difficult to correctly calibrate over large areas) and a more simple and functional empirical correlation is found between the primarily cause (rainfall) and the effect (landslide). Amongst all the factors influencing the triggering of landslides, rainfall is-for instance-one of the most important and the easiest to correctly quantify, e.g. using rain gauges or radar measurements. The majority of the black box approaches are based on an empirical or statistical study of the rainfall characteristics that in the past led to landslides initiation (Caine 1980;Wieczorek 1996;Aleotti 2004;Guzzetti et al. 2008;Brunetti et al. 2010). Such study is aimed at deriving a mathematical equation which represents the threshold beyond whi...

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“…On 8 December 2010 a GB-InSAR monitoring system was implemented in order to assess the landslide residual displacements and support the local authorities in the emergency management , calling into play both the national (DPC) and regional (DPCR) civil protection departments, in cooperation with scientific institutions (namely "competence centres"), local administration personnel, and technicians (Bertolaso et al, 2009;Pagliara et al, 2014;Ciampalini et al, 2015). Accurate geomorphological field surveys were also carried out in this phase in order to analyse the landslide morphological features and improve the radar data interpretation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GB-InSAR monitoring of slope deformations in a mountainous area affected by debris flow events

Frodella

Salvatici

Pazzi

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Diffuse and severe slope instabilities affected the whole Veneto region (north-eastern Italy) between 31 October and 2 November 2010, following a period of heavy and persistent rainfall. In this context, on 4 November 2010 a large detrital mass detached from the cover of the Mt. Rotolon deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD), located in the upper Agno River valley, channelizing within the Rotolon Creek riverbed and evolving into a highly mobile debris flow. The latter phenomena damaged many hydraulic works, also threatening bridges, local roads, and the residents of the Maltaure, Turcati, and Parlati villages located along the creek banks and the town of Recoaro Terme. From the beginning of the emergency phase, the civil protection system was activated, involving the National Civil Protection Department, Veneto Region, and local administrations' personnel and technicians, as well as scientific institutions. On 8 December 2010 a local-scale monitoring system, based on a ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GBInSAR), was implemented in order to evaluate the slope deformation pattern evolution in correspondence of the debris flow detachment sector, with the final aim of assessing the landslide residual risk and managing the emergency phase. This paper describes the results of a 2-year GB-InSAR monitoring campaign (December 2010-December 2012) and its application for monitoring, mapping, and emergency management activities in order to provide a rapid and easy communication of the results to the involved technicians and civil protection personnel, for a better understanding of the landslide phenomena and the decision-making process in a critical landslide scenario.

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Civil protection preparedness and response to the 2007 eruptive crisis of Stromboli volcano, Italy

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Rainfall thresholds for the forecasting of landslide occurrence at regional scale

GB-InSAR monitoring of slope deformations in a mountainous area affected by debris flow events

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