Civil and criminal liability in the field of transport relations: the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives not only of many people but also significantly affected the economy of individual countries and the world economy as a whole. The world has seen a reduction in production capacity due to the closure of borders between countries and the introduction of self-isolation. The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted the usual relationship between manufacturers and users and has made a major difference in transport. Such changes have been reflected in the regulation of relations regarding civil and criminal liability for offenses in the field of transport relations in a coronavirus pandemic. With this in mind, it is important to analyze the transformations of civil and criminal liability in the field of transport due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The work aims to analyze the civil and criminal liability in the field of transport relations due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The object of the study is a civil and criminal liability in the field of transport due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The subject of the study is the public relations that arise, change, and end during the prosecution of civil and criminal transport in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research methodology consists of such methods as the analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling. The study will analyze the changes that have taken place in the field of transport, namely the peculiarities of civil and criminal liability for violations in the field of transport during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as clarify the problematic issues of prosecution in the field of transport and controversial aspects pre-trial settlement of conflicts by the parties. The research also identified the main trends in the transport sphere in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and explained what changes need to be made to establish a mechanism for civil and criminal liability in the field of transport due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

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“…Legal liability is an important element of legal regulation of public relations, which consists of exercising a targeted influence on the behaviour of individuals through certain legal measures. The purpose of such regulation is to protect public relations from any unlawful violations, which are carried out through coercive measures and thus lead to the ordering of public relations ( Minchenko et al, 2021). Therefore, legal liability is applied when a person commits a certain non-criminal offence, which results in the application of measures of influence of a different nature to the person.…”

Criminal liability for humanitarian aid embezzlement during war: The case of Ukraine

“…If the local civilian population suffers extreme hardship due to the insufficient supply of essentials for its survival, such as food and medical supplies, then with the consent of the High Contracting Party concerned, operations to provide assistance to the civilian population are carried out, which are of an exclusively humanitarian and impartial nature and are carried out under any unfavorable difference (Part 2 of Article 18). Obviously, various issues of logistics and transport related offenses, which include delivery of humanitarian aid items, also can rise as a practical matter (Minchenko et al, 2021).…”

Public official as a victim of criminal insult and defamation: Comparative Research

“…The comparative law method, which has been the leading one, has enabled the authors to research criminal liability for insulting and defaming a public official in various jurisdictions and compare various liability models between themselves. It is worth adding that comparative method has been actively used in legal research recently (Minchenko et al, 2021).…”