Civics and Citizenship

Teaching the canon? Nation‐building and post‐Soviet Kazakhstan's literature textbooks

“…Particularly, active citizenship has received significant attention, and many scholars have argued that developing civic competence needs to focus on the ability of future citizens to think critically about structural causes of social issues, political developments and political demands, as well as to make independent decisions regarding the social and political future of the society they live in (Fagerlind & Kanaev, 2000;Saha, 2000;Kahne & Westheimer, 2003;Tse, 2003). Active citizenship contrasts compliant forms of citizenship in totalitarian regimes, where citizens are expected to participate but not question the existing structure.…”

“…While the focus and content of citizenship education in various countries differs, common themes include knowledge of the history and structure of political institutions, positive attitudes toward the nation and political authority, obedience of laws and social norms, fundamental socio-political beliefs and values and interest in and skills concerning political Post-Soviet Kazakhstan's literature textbooks 329 participation (Tse, 2003). Notably, citizenship education interacts with four levels of identity (Fagerlind & Kanaev, 2000): a) personal identity level, i.e.…”

“…Fagerlind and Kanaev (2000) asserted that nation-building requires new approaches to the study of national history, culture and national identity, and that literature, along with history and legal studies, is important for defining the rights and responsibilities of the individual. In the postsocialist transformation, the newly independent states continue to view education as an important means for transmitting normative expectations, appropriate values, attitudes and behaviours of an ideal citizen (Tse, 2003). Further, literary texts are 'implicated in the politics of the nation', given the capacity of the cultural elites, including writers to distill and disseminate national identity constructs promoted by the state (Carey-Webb, 1998).…”

AHRC Efforts Action to Reduce Racial Discrimination Cases Occur in Australia

“…Namely rule and procedure number six regarding thematic discussions and conferences. (Tse et al, 2023) If the reported complaint is not resolved or terminated for some reason, the chairman of the commission will decide whether there has been an act of gross discrimination or a violation of human rights. The chairman of the commission can hold a public hearing in which each party can state their own opinion and view of the incident and answer the questions raised.…”