Civic science in the home

Huntér, George W.; Whitman, W. G.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.24203

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The optimum conditions for the quantitative use of the Pauli reaction were clearly demonstrated by KOESSLER and HANKE in 1919 (6), and its application to the estimation of carnosine in muscle was effected almost simultaneously by CLIFFORD (7) and by HUNTER (8), of whom the latter explored carefully the very difficult question of the specificity of the test as a measure of carnosine (9). He concluded that of a number of possible interfering substances which he examined, none were likely to be serious sources of error save, in certain circumstances, histidine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carnosine in Amphibian Voluntary Muscle

Eggleton

1933

Exp Physiol

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1. Three modifications are suggested in the KOESSLER and HANKE colorimetric technique (based on the Pauli reaction) for the estimation of pyrimidine bases: (a) the substitution of bicarbonate for some of the carbonate in one of the reagents (leading to greater stability in the pigment formed); (b) the use of carnosine nitrate as a standard of reference for estimation instead of a mixture of dyestuffs; and (c) the use of an appropriate light filter in conjunction with the colorimeter. This leads to an eightfold increase in sensitivity. 2. Extracts from symmetrical pairs of muscles from the legs of the frog give Pauli reactions of equal intensity. This equality is not destroyed by previous fatiguing or killing by heat of one of the pair. 3. The cutaneo‐crural, sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and gastrocnemius muscles contain increasing concentrations of carnosine (measured by the Pauli reaction) in the order named. 4. Different frogs from one batch differ considerably in the apparent carnosine content of any one muscle; variations in the gastrocnemius, for example, were observed from 124 to 293 mg. per 100 grm. 5. The Pauli reaction given by histidine, histamine, carnosine, and extracts of living and dead muscles have been studied. In the conditions chosen, all save histamine were alike in the tint given and in the rate of colour production and fading. 6. No substance capable of giving the Pauli reaction was found to diffuse from living muscles into a surrounding saline whether the muscles were resting or fatigued, and regardless of the presence or absence of oxygen. 7. Histidine can diffuse from saline into an excised resting muscle and out again. The equilibrium reached appears to be a simple osmotic equilibrium. 8. All substances capable of giving the Pauli reaction diffuse freely out of a muscle in rigor (induced by heat or by iodoacetic acid). 9. Carnosine has been isolated in the form of its copper salt in comparable amounts both from muscles killed while in the resting state and from those previously sent into heat rigor. 10. Carnosine diffuses freely and completely into a dead muscle, but if the muscle is alive only 30 per cent. of its bulk appears to be permeable to carnosine diffusing in. 11. It is concluded that the carnosine in living muscles of the frog is contained within some series of structures occupying only 70 per cent. of the bulk of the muscle. It is retained in virtue of some property of the tissue which is lost at death. 12. No evidence was found for the existence either in dead or living muscle of substances other than carnosine capable of giving the Pauli reaction. This work has been financed by the Medical Research Council.

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confidence: 99%

Carnosine in Amphibian Voluntary Muscle

Eggleton

1933

Exp Physiol

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“…22, the absence of the nucleolar organizing region on the ring chromosome no. 22 was reported by Hunter et al (1977), Funderburk et al (1979), and Fowler et al (1980. But in the present case, the presence of the nucleolar organizing region on the ring chromosome no.…”

Section: Remarks and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…22 has been reported on at least 29 patients (Brookfield and Walker 1976;Rethore et al 1976;Hunter et al 1977;Howard-Peebles 1977;Palmer et al 1977;Funderburk et al 1979;Fryns and Berghe 1979;Fowler et al 1980). Several patients manifested a distinctive features consisting of the mental retardation with verbal delay, epicanthal folds, full eyebrows, large ears, arched palate and/or high palate, large nose, low nasal bridge, thick is, hypoplastic mandible, skeletal anomalies, syndactyly, ataxic gait and seizure (Table I).…”

Section: Remarks and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of a ring chromosome No. 22 with mental retardation.

Kadotani

Kanata²,

Watanabe

et al. 1987

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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“…[168] to [170] which allow the necessary amount of information to be gained from the minimum number of experiments. When experiments are conducted in a sequential manner, discrimination between rival kinetic models is possible [171]- [173]. In the sequential method, discrimination amongst rival models is obtained by repeated estimation of the parameters for each model, after which some are eliminated by the application of chosen criteria.…”

Section: H Automated Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

Pratt

1987

Catalysis

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Civic science in the home

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Carnosine in Amphibian Voluntary Muscle

Carnosine in Amphibian Voluntary Muscle

A case of a ring chromosome No. 22 with mental retardation.

Small Scale Laboratory Reactors

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