City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalized mentally retarded persons

Aman, Michael G.; Field, Carolyn; Bridgman, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/s0270-3092(85)80068-0

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Concern has been raised by a number of researchers that antipsychotic medication is being frequently prescribed to people with intellectual disabilities primarily because of difficulties in managing their disruptive or aggressive behaviours, particularly towards support staff (Aman et al 1985;Briggs 1989;Emerson et al 1997;Fleming et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipsychotic Medication and People with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Knowledge and Experiences

R¹,

Withers

2008

Research Intellect Disabil

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Background Antipsychotics are the most frequently prescribed psychotropic medication for people with intellectual disabilities. Many people are prescribed this medication for ‘challenging behaviours’ without having had a formal diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder. Antipsychotics have been reported to have severe side‐effect profiles, which can hamper quality of life. Materials and Methods Grounded theory qualitative methodology was employed to organize and analyse data from interviews conducted with eight adults with intellectual disabilities about their experiences of antipsychotic medication. Results Respondents had little knowledge about their medication, beyond knowing their regime. Despite participants experiencing side effects, they were accepting of these effects. A ‘model of compliance’ was generated from the analysis. Conclusions The prescription and administration of medication is another area where people with intellectual disabilities experience lack of control and disempowerment. ‘Services’ need to do more to include and inform people with intellectual disabilities about their medication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipsychotic Medication and People with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Knowledge and Experiences

R¹,

Withers

2008

Research Intellect Disabil

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“…Ross et al [20] have also reported high rates of treatment in excess, and studies in Hamburg [21] and Auckland [22] have shown that 16 and 17% of the special school students received AEDs, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Survey of Epilepsy in the Special School Population in the City of Buenos Aires

Somoza¹,

Forlenza²,

Brussino³

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Previous studies in special schools have shown a high prevalence of epilepsy, which is strongly associated with cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation. The conditions regulating school placement have also been described in those studies. In the City of Buenos Aires, information is known only for mainstream schools. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in special schools and to compare results with common primary education settings. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in special schools in the City of Buenos Aires, by adopting the same definitions, diagnostic criteria and questionnaire as those used in a previous study in the common primary school population. Responses from 1,682 children, aged 6–16 years, residing in the City of Buenos Aires, with mental retardation, visual or hearing impairment, psychiatric disorders and motor disabilities were analyzed. Results: A total of 121 children with epilepsy were detected. Lifetime prevalence was 71.9‰ and active prevalence was 64.8‰ (22–25 times greater than rates in mainstream schools). Prevalence was highest in girls and generalized seizures prevailed over other seizure types. Ninety-two percent of cases received antiepileptic drugs, 57.9% as a single drug treatment and 85.1% in adequate doses. Only 56% of the children with a diagnosis of epilepsy proved to be true-positive cases, and almost 40% received antiepileptic drugs for nonepileptic disorders. Malformations/degenerative disease were the most common etiology. Conclusions: Special schools contain clusters of children with epilepsy as a comorbid condition. False high frequency is due to misdiagnoses and unnecessary treatments. These schools are an important target for educational interventions.

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“…Research has suggested a prevalence rate of antipsychotic use with the learning disabled population of between 9% and 44% (Fleming et al 1996), with a higher prevalence within institutional settings (Aman et al 1985;Branford 1994;Intagliata & Rinck 1985). The frequent use of polypharmacy and evidence to suggest long-term repeated prescriptive practices without review have also been highlighted as major areas of concern (Fleming et al 1996).…”

Section: Antipsychotic Medication Use With People With Learning Disabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has suggested a prevalence rate of antipsychotic use with the learning disabled population of between 9% and 44% ( Fleming et al . 1996 ), with a higher prevalence within institutional settings ( Aman et al . 1985 ; Branford 1994; Intagliata & Rinck 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent incidents and the use of antipsychotic medication within a specialist challenging behaviour unit: an evaluation of the Poole approach to challenging behaviour

Rowland

Treece

2000

Brit J Learn Disabil

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Summary The present paper documents a retrospective evaluation of a specialist challenging behaviour unit for individuals with severe learning disabilities according to two criteria: (1) its efficacy at reducing the frequency and severity of violent incidents; and (2) the level of reliance upon antipsychotic medication for behavioural purposes. The results were placed within the perspective of the specific approach to challenging behaviour adopted by the unit, which emphasizes communication as the fundamental tenet within the management and reduction of challenging behaviour. The results demonstrate a 92% reduction in incidents of violence towards others over the 6 years since the unit opened, alongside a 95% reduction in violence towards property. During the same period, the levels of antipsychotic medication used for behavioural purposes fell in the cases of three out of the four clients under examination. An attempt is made to highlight the predominant factors underlying this success as potential indicators for the development of services for those who exhibit challenging and violent behaviours.

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City-wide survey of drug patterns among non-institutionalized mentally retarded persons

Cited by 41 publications

References 6 publications

Antipsychotic Medication and People with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Knowledge and Experiences

Antipsychotic Medication and People with Intellectual Disabilities: Their Knowledge and Experiences

Epidemiological Survey of Epilepsy in the Special School Population in the City of Buenos Aires

Violent incidents and the use of antipsychotic medication within a specialist challenging behaviour unit: an evaluation of the Poole approach to challenging behaviour

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