City Unplanning

Schleicher, David

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1990353

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…We examine this possibility using the substantively important case of housing policy. In the wake of the excesses of urban renewal (Rae 2004;Schleicher 2013) and the dominance of progrowth, developer-oriented urban politics (Logan and Molotch 1987), local governments have promulgated institutions designed to constrain developers and empower neighborhoodlevel and environmental interests (Logan and Rabrenovic 1990;Gerber and Phillips 2003;Glaeser and Ward 2009;Schleicher 2013). One example is a movement in many localities to allow and encourage neighborhood participation in zoning and planning board meetings.…”

Section: Lyndon B Johnson's Community Action Program-part Of the 196mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Participates in Local Government? Evidence from Meeting Minutes

Einstein¹,

Palmer²,

Glick³

2018

Perspect. polit.

132

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Scholars and policymakers have highlighted institutions that enable community participation as a potential buffer against existing political inequalities. Yet these venues may bias policy discussions in favor of an unrepresentative group of individuals. To explore who participates, we compile a novel data set by coding thousands of instances of citizens speaking at planning and zoning board meetings concerning housing development. We match individuals to a voter file to investigate local political participation in housing and development policy. We find that individuals who are older, male, longtime residents, voters in local elections, and homeowners are significantly more likely to participate in these meetings. These individuals overwhelmingly (and to a much greater degree than the general public) oppose new housing construction. These participatory inequalities have important policy implications and may be contributing to rising housing costs.

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Section: Lyndon B Johnson's Community Action Program-part Of the 196mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Participates in Local Government? Evidence from Meeting Minutes

Einstein¹,

Palmer²,

Glick³

2018

Perspect. polit.

132

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“…13 Other proposed explanations for the phenomenon include a shift in preferences in younger generations, rising fuel prices, and demographic shifts leading to 16 David Schleicher argues that the multiple veto points allow determined opponents who would bear concentrated losses to stop projects. 17 Others argue that low school quality and issues like crime discussed above are the cause. 18 I suggest that it is in part because of tax policy; tax rates are high because of the presence of poverty in cities, discouraging new development.…”

Section: A Positive Questions In Urban Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Court Orders Responsible for the 'Return to the Central City'? The Consequence of School Finance Litigation

Liscow

2015

SSRN Journal

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City living in the United States often requires paying high taxes and receiving low-quality services, partly as a result of the large number of poor residents in cities. This is the first paper to measure how much this feature of American local government affects individuals' residential location choices. I do this by taking advantage of a natural experiment: the dramatic increase in state financing of local governments in some states' poor cities, often due to court-ordered school finance equalization. I use the universe of over 20,000 Census-designated places to compare population growth of cities between states with large amount of redistribution to poor cities and states with little redistribution. The key threats to accurate measurement are that poor places may have grown differently from rich places in the absence of redistribution, and places in high-redistribution states may have grown differently from places in low-redistribution states. To address these concerns, I use the "differences-in-differences" econometric technique. The results show that redistribution had a large effect on population growth between 1980 and 2010, helping explain the "return to the city" in recent decades. I then do a case study on the local finances of Connecticut, which shows that the state transfers for education were used not only to increase education spending as intended, but also reduce tax rates. Since this paper shows that redistribution to poor areas mitigates the distortion to individuals' location choices resulting from poor cities' high tax rates and poor services, it suggests that further place-based redistribution may be not only equitable but also efficient.

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“…41. A detailed description and supporting measurements of the hardware can be found in [7,31]. Δf−Signal…”

Section: Single-ended Bistatic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then both slopes of the correlation curves, the slope from the object and the slope from the direct coupling, are tracked and their positions continuously monitored. Tracking both slopes yielded best precision, compared to tracking the minimum of the correlation curve or only the slope of the correlation signal from the object [31].…”

Section: /δFmentioning

confidence: 99%

UWB in Medicine – High Performance UWB Systems for Biomedical Diagnostics and Short Range Communications

Lin¹,

Mirbach²,

Thiasiriphet³

et al. 2013

Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications

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Will-beset by IN -TECH transmit/receive turnaround times in the nanosecond regime. Integrated front-ends which successfully address this issue are presented here for the first time. The second section deals with signal processing. As, due to the large RF bandwidth, direct analog to digital conversion and digital signal processing are not feasible (at least not at reasonable power consumption), analog signal processing is one focus. For communication, detection methods based on analog correlation require channel estimation, storing of impulse responses and also precise time synchronization. Therefore methods based on energy detection are developed which require no or little channel knowledge, having low complexity, robustness to multipath propagation and high resistance to synchronization and symbol clock errors. New modulation techniques are described, which can cope with interchip and intersymbol interference. Also a novel support by a comb filter resulting in significant SNR improvements in interference and multiuser scenarios is presented. The methods developed for communication applications can also be used in the radar context. For detection and tracking of moving targets (e.g. heart in the body) new algorithms based on particle filtering are developed for the digital signal processing part. It is shown that the accuracy, the resolution and robustness can be improved compared to conventional methods. For the objective of catheter localization, the knowledge of the shape and position of the human body surface is inevitable. A UWB imaging algorithm for the detection and estimation of this surface has been developed based on trilateration and is also described in this second section. Furthermore, building on this surface estimation algorithm, a new method for the localization of transmitters in dielectric media is presented. Taking into account the refraction effects on the boundary surface, the algorithm uses the impulse time of arrival to determine the transmitter position inside of the dielectric medium. The third section finally describes the design of bistatic UWB radar systems using the components presented in the first section. Single-ended and differential radar demonstrators are developed, with which the potential of impulse-radio UWB sensing is evaluated. Measurements aimed at applications of the developed hardware such as vital sign monitoring and communication with implants are presented. Further measurements are performed to prove the functionality of the imaging algorithms derived in the second section. For surface estimation, a single radar sensor is moved around a highly reflective target in order to emulate a whole sensor array. For the verification of subsurface transmitter localization, a transmitter is placed inside of a container filled with tissue mimicking liquid, and its position is visualized with respect to the estimated container surface. 2. Circuit and component design 2.1. UWB antennas Concepts for antennas with an ultra-wideband behavior are well-known and established [30]. However...

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City Unplanning

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Who Participates in Local Government? Evidence from Meeting Minutes

Who Participates in Local Government? Evidence from Meeting Minutes

Are Court Orders Responsible for the 'Return to the Central City'? The Consequence of School Finance Litigation

UWB in Medicine – High Performance UWB Systems for Biomedical Diagnostics and Short Range Communications

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