City-level SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance

Yaniv, Karin; Shagan, Marilou; Kramarsky‐Winter, Esti; Weil, Merav; Indenbaum, Victoria; Elul, Michal; Erster, Oran; Brown, Alin Sela; Mendelson, Ella; Mannasse, Batya; Shirazi, Rachel; Satish, Lakkakula; Miron, Oren; Rinott, Ehud; Baibich, Ricardo Gilead; Bigler, Iris; Malul, Matan; Rishti, Rotem; Brenner, Asher; Lewis, Yair E.; Friedler, Eran; Gilboa, Yael; Sabach, Sara; Alfiya, Yuval; Cheruti, Uta; Davidovitch, Nadav; Bilenko, Natalya; Moran-Gilad, Jacob; Berchenko, Yakir; Bar-Or, Itay; Kushmaro, Ariel

doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.20215244

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In order to compare the viral load as measured by qPCR, in different catchment points that have different flow rates and are draining regions with varying population size, we used a Normalized Viral Load (NVL) conversion that takes into account these variables 29 . Using standard curves generated with the In vitro transcribed standard RNA templates, qPCR Cq values of the examined samples were converted into viral RNA copies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel

Bar-Or

Indenbaum

Weil³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this report, we describe a national-scale monitoring of the SARS-COV-2 (SC-2) variant dynamics in Israel, using multiple-time sampling of twelve wastewater treatment plants. We used a combination of inclusive and selective quantitative PCR assays that specifically identify variants A19 or B.1.1.7 and tested each sample for the presence and relative viral RNA load of each variant. We show that between December-2020 and March-2021, a complete shift in the SC-2 variant circulation was observed, where the B.1.1.7 replaced the A19 in all examined test points. We further show that the normalized viral load (NVL) values and the average new cases per week reached a peak in January 2021, and then decreased gradually in almost all test points, in parallel with the progression of the national vaccination campaign, during February-March 2021. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring SC-2 variant dynamics on a national scale through wastewater sampling. It also provides a proof-of-concept methodology for continuous surveillance by using a combination of inclusive and selective PCR tests, which is far more amendable for high throughput monitoring compared with sequencing. This approach may be useful for real-time dynamics surveillance of current and future variants, such as the Omicron (BA.1) variant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel

Bar-Or

Indenbaum

Weil³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The science of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) by monitoring viral RNA in wastewater provides opportunities to assess the COVID-19 prevalence and spread in defined populations, proving beneficial for informing related public health policy ( Wu et al, 2021 ). WBE can be processed to obtain an unbiased surveillance system and reflect community health ( Scott et al, 2021 ; Yaniv et al, 2021 ; Tomasino et al, 2021 ). It is scalable, economical and provides rapid results for emergent and re-emergent pathogens ( Polo et al, 2020 ; Randazzo et al, 2020 ; Tiwari et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation

Anand

Kumari

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Despite the lack of works focused on landfill leachate, a systematic review method, based on cluster analysis, allows to analyze the available papers devoted to sewage sludge and wastewater, allowing to focalize the work on technologies able to detect and treat pathogens. In this work, great attention is also devoted to infectivity and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the literature analysis shows that sewage sludge and landfill leachate seem to have a remote chance to act as a virus transmission route (pollution-to-human transmission) due to improper collection and treatment of municipal wastewater and solid waste. However due to the incertitude about virus infectivity, these possibilities cannot be excluded and need further investigation. As a conclusion, this paper shows that additional research is required not only on the coronavirus-specific disinfection, but also the regular surveillance or monitoring of viral loads in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate. The disinfection strategies need to be optimized in terms of dosage and potential adverse impacts like antimicrobial resistance, among many other factors. Finally, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate can hamper the possibility to ensure safe water and public health in economically marginalized countries and hinder the realization of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs).

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SARS-CoV-2: sewage surveillance as an early warning system and challenges in developing countries

Panchal

Prakash

Bobde

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Graphical abstract Transmission of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in humans happens either through airway exposure to respiratory droplets from an infected patient or by touching the virus contaminated surface or objects (fomites). Presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human feces and its passage to sewage system is an emerging concern for public health. Pieces of evidence of the occurrence of viral RNA in feces and municipal wastewater (sewage) systems have not only warned reinforcing the treatment facilities but also suggest that these systems can be monitored to get epidemiological data for checking trend of COVID-19 infection in the community. This review summarizes the occurrence and persistence of novel coronavirus in sewage with an emphasis on the possible water environment contamination. Monitoring of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) via sewage-based epidemiology could deliver promising information regarding rate of infection providing a valid and complementary tool for tracking and diagnosing COVID-19 across communities. Tracking the sewage systems could act as an early warning tool for alerting the public health authorities for necessary actions. Given the impracticality of testing every citizen with limited diagnostic resources, it is imperative that sewage-based epidemiology can be tested as an early warning system. The need for the development of robust sampling strategies and subsequent detection methodologies and challenges for developing countries are also discussed.

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City-level SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel

National Scale Real-Time Surveillance of Sars-Cov-2 Variants Dynamics by Wastewater Monitoring in Israel

SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation

SARS-CoV-2: sewage surveillance as an early warning system and challenges in developing countries

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