City Car Drag Reduction by Means of Shape Optimization and Add-On Devices

Ferraris, Alessandro; Airale, Andrea Giancarlo; Polato, Davide Berti; Messana, Alessandro; Xu, Shuang; Massai, Paolo; Carello, Massimiliana

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_367

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of a diffuser can be maximized further with the application of a front lip splitter, used to decrease and guide the amount of air flowing underneath the car the splitter reduces C D and lift whilst guiding the air from the front to the diffuser in the rear [ 24 ]. The design had been implemented in 2019 research, which implemented a 35° splitter resulting in a 2.64% reduction in C D [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation and Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling

Afianto

Han²,

Yan

et al. 2022

Entropy

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Due to the rise in awareness of global warming, many attempts to increase efficiency in the automotive industry are becoming prevalent. Design optimization can be used to increase the efficiency of electric vehicles by reducing aerodynamic drag and lift. The main focus of this paper is to analyse and optimise the aerodynamic characteristics of an electric vehicle to improve efficiency of using computational fluid dynamics modelling. Multiple part modifications were used to improve the drag and lift of the electric hatchback, testing various designs and dimensions. The numerical model of the study was validated using previous experimental results obtained from the literature. Simulation results are analysed in detail, including velocity magnitude, drag coefficient, drag force and lift coefficient. The modifications achieved in this research succeeded in reducing drag and were validated through some appropriate sources. The final model has been assembled with all modifications and is represented in this research. The results show that the base model attained an aerodynamic drag coefficient of 0.464, while the final design achieved a reasonably better overall performance by recording a 10% reduction in the drag coefficient. Moreover, within individual comparison with the final model, the second model with front spitter had an insignificant improvement, limited to 1.17%, compared with 11.18% when the rear diffuser was involved separately. In addition, the lift coefficient was significantly reduced to 73%, providing better stabilities and accounting for the safety measurements, especially at high velocity. The prediction of the airflow improvement was visualised, including the pathline contours consistent with the solutions. These research results provide a considerable transformation in the transportation field and help reduce fuel expenses and global emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation and Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling

Afianto

Han²,

Yan

et al. 2022

Entropy

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“…Initially, mass reduction process mainly involved micro or small EVs and less structure-sensitive components. [3][4][5][6] Until, thanks also to the research progress in the field of advanced component health monitoring techniques, 7 it was realized that the effort towards lighter vehicles must involve all areas. Today's conventional suspension arms designs are made of either ferrous materials or aluminum alloys while casting, forging, and stamping are the most common technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative optimization approach to improve noise vibration harshness and lightweight in lower control arm

Messana

Luciano

Ferraris³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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This paper presents a multi-material design for a lightweight swing arm of a McPherson suspension. Starting from a stamped steel lower control arm (LCA) of a C-segment vehicle a hybrid arm made of a metal core and two Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics covers has been hand sketched, Computer Aided Design designed, and Finite Element Method tested. To fully exploit hybridization potential, it has developed a specific methodology which combines the topological optimization of the metal core, and the 3-phase optimization of the composite covers. Also, an innovative viscoelastic material has been included in the laminates to enhance the damping properties of the arm and a Frequency Response Function analysis has been performed. The results in terms of mass, stiffness and stress distribution have been compared with the original stamped steel LCA and with another hybrid LCA design. The final comparison has shown that with the redesign approach it has been possible to reduce the mass to a greater extent without affecting stiffness performance and stress distribution.

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“…Led by strict new regulations to reduce vehicle emissions, automotive companies have been conducting research in order to design lightweight components, and achieve a sustainable mobility. [1][2][3] Studies have found that a 10% car mass reduction may reduce fuel consumption by 7%. 4,5 Also, every kilogram of vehicle mass reduction implies 20 kg of CO 2 reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance comparison between glass and basalt fibre-reinforced composites for an automotive seat backrest

Messana

Teles

Airale³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In recent years, the automotive industry has been developing lightweight components in order to comply with stricter fuel consumption regulations. In fact, car mass reduction plays an important role in reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Composite materials are very promising solutions because of their potential to reduce mass by replacing traditional steel components, while ensuring safety requirements and structure reliability. However, they might present some issues in terms of sustainability and cost. This paper presents a methodology developed to carry out safety tests on a virtual automotive seat and then assess the structural practicability of using a more sustainable material, the Basalt Reinforced-Fibre Polymer (BFRP), as a replacement of the original material, the Glass Reinforced-Fibre Polymer (GFRP). The starting point of this study was the mechanical characterisation of both traditional and green composites. Then, the composite material formulation MAT-58 was optimised to correlate the simulated and experimental results. Finally, static and energy absorption simulation tests were performed according to the ECE R17 regulation. The seat model was compliant with the safety requirements in all cases studied, and both composites presented a similar structural performance.

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City Car Drag Reduction by Means of Shape Optimization and Add-On Devices

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Optimisation and Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling

Optimisation and Efficiency Improvement of Electric Vehicles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling

Innovative optimization approach to improve noise vibration harshness and lightweight in lower control arm

Performance comparison between glass and basalt fibre-reinforced composites for an automotive seat backrest

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