Citrus tristeza virus: A large RNA virus with complex biology turned into a valuable tool for crop protection

Folimonova, Svetlana Y.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008416

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…From a beneficial perspective, a few closterovirus-derived genes and RNA interference vectors have been developed to control plant diseases [32,33]. With their large genomes, the novel citrus viruses may be suitable for construction of new vectors, serving as a tool for citrus tree protection and improvement [9,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viromics unveils extraordinary genetic diversity of the family Closteroviridae in wild citrus

et al. 2021

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Our knowledge of citrus viruses is largely skewed toward virus pathology in cultivated orchards. Little is known about the virus diversity in wild citrus species. Here, we used a metatranscriptomics approach to characterize the virus diversity in a wild citrus habitat within the proposed center of the origin of citrus plants. We discovered a total of 44 virus isolates that could be classified into species Citrus tristeza virus and putative species citrus associated ampelovirus 1, citrus associated ampelovirus 2, and citrus virus B within the family Closteroviridae, providing important information to explore the factors facilitating outbreaks of citrus viruses and the evolutionary history of the family Closteroviridae. We found that frequent horizontal gene transfer, gene duplication, and alteration of expression strategy have shaped the genome complexity and diversification of the family Closteroviridae. Recombination frequently occurred among distinct Closteroviridae members, thereby facilitating the evolution of Closteroviridae. Given the potential emergence of similar wild-citrus-originated novel viruses as pathogens, the need for surveillance of their pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics is of utmost priority for global citrus production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viromics unveils extraordinary genetic diversity of the family Closteroviridae in wild citrus

et al. 2021

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“…From a bene cial perspective, a few closterovirus-derived genes and RNA interference vectors have been developed to control plant diseases [30,31]. In particular, CTV may serve as a tool for citrus tree protection and improvement [11,32]. With a large genome similar to that of CTV, the novel citrus viruses may prove to be suitable for construction of new vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viromics Unveils Extraordinary Genetic Diversity of the Family Closteroviridae in Wild Citrus

Liu

Zhang

Mei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Our knowledge of citrus viruses is largely skewed toward virus pathology in cultivated orchards; comparatively little is known about the virus diversity and ecology in natural ecosystems. The metatranscriptomics approach were used to analyze wild citrus from the Ailao Mountain region in China, a region embracing huge biodiversity in an area where citrus species originated. We investigated the evolutionary history of citrus viruses to identify the factors facilitating outbreaks of emerging viruses. Results An independent wild citrus habitat were identified where citrus tristeza virus (CTV) exists along with three novel monopartite, graft-transmissible members of the family Closteroviridae differing from the managed agricultural systems that harbor other diverse citrus viruses. The viruses analyzed in 16 sequencing libraries of 32 citrus samples comprised five CTV genotypes, two inferred new ampelovirus species, and a monopartite ancestor type of the multipartite crinivirus that may represent a new taxon. Acquisition of heat shock protein genes (all viruses) and coat protein duplication (most), exchange of other exogenous genes (some), and alteration of expression strategy (rare) may reflect the significant historical nodes through which a Closteroviridae ancestor as the relic species has flourished. During viral expansion, genetic mutation coupled with recombination may be the essential impetus to update best-adapted sequences, as in the cases of our CTV and one of the ampeloviruses. Conclusions This research represents the first time of virus diversity in wild citrus. The findings deepen our knowledge of Closteroviridae modular evolution and diversification. Given the potential emergence of similar novel viruses as pathogens, the need for surveillance of their pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics and the presence of other novel citrus viruses among wild citrus is of utmost priority for global citrus production.

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“…As an elicitor of the up‐regulation of the host MLP2, a non‐conserved p33 protein of CTV has been shown to be a multifunctional protein (Folimonova, 2020). In particular, it was demonstrated that p33 possesses certain characteristics of the viral movement proteins and is required for infection of selective citrus hosts (Bak and Folimonova, 2015; Tatineni et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus miraculin‐like protein hijacks a viral movement‐related p33 protein and induces cellular oxidative stress in defence against Citrus tristeza virus

Sun

Zhang

Folimonova

2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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To defend against pathogens, plants have developed a complex immune system, which recognizes the pathogen effectors and mounts defence responses. In this study, the p33 protein of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a viral membrane-associated effector, was used as a molecular bait to explore virus interactions with host immunity. We discovered that Citrus macrophylla miraculin-like protein 2 (CmMLP2), a member of the soybean Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor family, targets the viral p33 protein. The expression of CmMLP2 was up-regulated by p33 in the citrus phloem-associated cells. Knock-down of the MLP2 expression in citrus plants resulted in a higher virus accumulation, while the overexpression of CmMLP2 reduced the infectivity of CTV in the plant hosts. Further investigation revealed that, on the one hand, binding of CmMLP2 interrupts the cellular distribution of p33 whose proper function is necessary for the effective virus movement throughout the host. On the other hand, the ability of CmMLP2 to reorganize the endomembrane system, amalgamating the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, induces cellular stress and accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, which inhibits the replication of CTV. Altogether, our data suggest that CmMLP2 employs a two-way strategy in defence against CTV infection.

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Citrus tristeza virus: A large RNA virus with complex biology turned into a valuable tool for crop protection

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

Viromics unveils extraordinary genetic diversity of the family Closteroviridae in wild citrus

Viromics unveils extraordinary genetic diversity of the family Closteroviridae in wild citrus

Viromics Unveils Extraordinary Genetic Diversity of the Family Closteroviridae in Wild Citrus

Citrus miraculin‐like protein hijacks a viral movement‐related p33 protein and induces cellular oxidative stress in defence against Citrus tristeza virus

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